live-fluorescence-inverse-imaging-cell-ruffling

Live Fluorescence, Inverse Imaging of Cell Ruffling, and Macropinocytosis

Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved but still incompletely understood process that is essential for the uptake and ingestion of fluid, fluid-phase ...

The University of Queensland

In innate immune cells, pathogens and danger signals activate TLRs, unleashing potent and tailored inflammatory responses. Previously, we reported that an immune-specific transmembrane adaptor, SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein (SCIMP), interacts with TLR4 via direct binding to its cytoplasmic TIR domain. SCIMP scaffolds a Src family kinase, Lyn, for TLR4 phosphorylation and activation. Consequently, SCIMP is able to direct selective production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 downstream of TLR4 in macrophages. Here, we set out to investigate whether SCIMP also acts as an adaptor for other TLR family members. We report here that SCIMP is phosphorylated and activated in response to agonists of multiple TLRs, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9. SCIMP also interacts with TLRs that are known to signal from both the cell surface and endosomal compartments. In so doing, this transmembrane adaptor presents Lyn, along with other effectors such as Grb2, Csk, and SLP65, to multiple TLRs during cellular activation. CRISPR-mediated knockout or silencing of SCIMP in macrophages alters TLR signaling outputs and the production of IL-6 and IL-12p40 downstream of multiple TLRs, and upon challenge with live bacteria. Furthermore, the selectivity in cytokine responses is preserved downstream of TLR3, with inducible expression of Il-12p40 and IL-6, but not IFNβ, being SCIMP dependent. SCIMP is thus a universal TLR adaptor for scaffolding the Lyn tyrosine kinase and its effectors to enable responses against a wide range of danger signals.

Neeraj Tuladhar

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