a-simplified-model-for-heterotopic-heart-valve-transplantation

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of ...

Medical University of South Carolina

Disparities in colon cancer (CC) outcomes may be due to a more aggressive phenotype in African American patients in the setting of a decreased tumor immunity, though the precise mechanism for this result has not been well elucidated. To explore the molecular factors underlying CC disparities, we compared the immunogenomic signatures of CC from African American and European American patients.

Differential immune signatures in the tumor microenvironment are associated with colon cancer racial disparities.

Aortic Valve Replacement in Neonates: An Unsolved Problem with Limited Quality of Evidence.

The recommended method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been closed-chest cardiac compressions, but the development of CPR adjunctive devices has called into question the efficacy and role of these adjunctive devices. In this review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation and discussion on the commercially available noninvasive CPR adjuncts used during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Devices to enhance organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Congenital heart defects are the most common types of birth defects in humans. Children with congenital heart defects frequently require heart valve replacement with an implant. Unfortunately, conventional heart valve implants do not grow. Therefore, these children are committed to serial re-operations for successively larger implant exchanges. Partial heart transplantation is a new and innovative approach to deliver growing heart valve implants. However, the transplant biology of partial heart transplant grafts remains unexplored. This is a critical barrier for clinical translation. Therefore, we investigated the cellular viability of partial heart transplants in cold storage. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed no morphological differences in heart valves after 6, 24, or 48 h of cold storage. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that the marker for apoptosis activated caspase 3 and the marker for cell division Ki67 remained unchanged after 48 h of cold storage. Finally, quantification of fluorescing resorufin showed no statistically significant decrease in cellular metabolic activity in heart valves after 48 h of cold storage. We conclude that partial heart transplants remain viable after 48 h of cold storage. These findings represent the first step toward translating partial heart transplantation from the bench to the bedside because they have direct clinical implications for the procurement logistics of this new type of transplant.

Cellular Viability of Partial Heart Transplant Grafts in Cold Storage.

Immune privilege is an evolutionary adaptation that protects vital tissues with limited regenerative capacity from collateral damage by the immune response. Classical examples include the anterior chamber of the eye and the brain. More recently, the placenta, testes and articular cartilage were found to have similar immune privilege. What all of these tissues have in common is their vital function for evolutionary fitness and a limited regenerative capacity. Immune privilege is clinically relevant, because corneal transplantation and meniscal transplantation do not require immunosuppression. The heart valves also serve a vital function and have limited regenerative capacity after damage. Moreover, experimental and clinical evidence from heart valve transplantation suggests that the heart valves are spared from alloimmune injury. Here we review this evidence and propose the concept of heart valves as immune privileged sites. This concept has important clinical implications for heart valve transplantation.

Article	Year
Differential immune signatures in the tumor microenvironment are associated with colon cancer racial disparities. Cancer medicine\| PubMed ID: 33560598	2021
Aortic Valve Replacement in Neonates: An Unsolved Problem with Limited Quality of Evidence. The Annals of thoracic surgery\| PubMed ID: 33839126	2021
Devices to enhance organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Expert review of medical devices\| PubMed ID: 34170796	2021
Cellular Viability of Partial Heart Transplant Grafts in Cold Storage. Frontiers in surgery\| PubMed ID: 34327211	2021
Immune Privilege of Heart Valves. Frontiers in immunology\| PubMed ID: 34447390	2021

Brielle Gerry

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