an-effective-inoculation-method-for-phytophthora-capsici-on-black

An Effective Inoculation Method for <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> on Black Pepper Plants

Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) is a typical woody vine that is an economically important spice crop across the world. Black pepper production is ...

Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provides biochemical profiles containing overlapping signals from a majority of the compounds that are present when whole.samples are analyzed. The spectra of the xylem of 112 samples belonging to 12 species and 5 genera in Caprifoliaceae were determined directly with FTIR spectrometry and OMNI-sampler. Based on the indices of wave number -absorbance, the phylogenetic relationships of the 12 species were analyzed by the methods of principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and cluster analysis. The results showed that the infrared spectra of the 12 plant species are finger-print-like patterns which are highly typical for different taxa. Genus Heptacodium has close relation with the tribe Linnaeeae, and Lonicereae, showing that its systematic position is probably located between the two tribes. There is no obvious difference between Viburnum and Sambucus, so the authors thought it would be better to put the two genera in Caprifoliaceae. Therefore, the infrared spectra are of taxonomic value at the level of species and genera, and this technique could be widely used for identification and classification of other taxa when standard spectra are available.

[The applications of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in resolving some taxonomic doubts of Caprifoliaceae].

Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of Cananga odorata for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism as a basis to determine the best time of harvest. Electronic nose results, coupled with discriminant factor analysis, suggested that emitted odors varied in different C. odorata flower development stages, including the bud, display-petal, initial-flowering, full-flowering, end-flowering, wilted-flower, and dried flower stages. The first two discriminant factors explained 97.52% of total system variance. Ninety-two compounds were detected over the flower life, and the mean Bray-Curtis similarity value was 52.45% among different flower development stages. A high level of volatile polymorphism was observed during flower development. The VOCs were largely grouped as hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, acids, ketones, and ethers, and the main compound was β-caryophyllene (15.05%-33.30%). Other identified compounds were β-cubebene, D-germacrene, benzyl benzoate, and α-cubebene. Moreover, large numbers of VOCs were detected at intermediate times of flower development, and more hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols were identified in the full-flowering stage. The full-flowering stage may be the most suitable period for C. odorata flower harvest. 

Volatile organic compound emissions from different stages of Cananga odorata flower development.

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., commonly known as jackfruit, produces the largest tree-borne fruit known thus far. The edible part of the fruit develops from the perianths, and contains many sugar-derived compounds. However, its sugar metabolism is poorly understood. A fruit perianth transcriptome was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, producing 32,459 unigenes with an average length of 1345nt. Sugar metabolism was characterized by comparing expression patterns of genes related to sugar metabolism and evaluating correlations with enzyme activity and sugar accumulation during fruit perianth development. During early development, high expression levels of acid invertases and corresponding enzyme activities were responsible for the rapid utilization of imported sucrose for fruit growth. The differential expression of starch metabolism-related genes and corresponding enzyme activities were responsible for starch accumulated before fruit ripening but decreased during ripening. Sucrose accumulated during ripening, when the expression levels of genes for sucrose synthesis were elevated and high enzyme activity was observed. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis presents fundamental information on sugar metabolism and will be a useful reference for further research on fruit perianth development in jackfruit. 

Article	Year
[The applications of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in resolving some taxonomic doubts of Caprifoliaceae]. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu\| PubMed ID: 17390644	2007
Volatile organic compound emissions from different stages of Cananga odorata flower development. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 24979401	2014
Transcriptome and selected metabolite analyses reveal points of sugar metabolism in jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology\| PubMed ID: 27181946	2016

Chao-Yun Hao

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