ultrasonic-assisted-extraction-cannabidiolic-acid-from-cannabis

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from <em>Cannabis</em> Biomass

Industrial hemp (Cannabis spp.) has many compounds of interest with potential medical benefits. Of these compounds, cannabinoids have come to the center ...

Colorado State University-Pueblo

Viticultural practices to control the undervine environment have relied on chemical herbicides. Herbicides usage has resulted in resistance by weeds, alterations in soil environments, as well as not meeting the needs of the organic market. Consequently, black and white weedmat was utilized to manage the undervine area over multiple vintages and its influence on the resultant wines examined. Apart from a difference in juice soluble solids, there was no impact on grape yield. In the 2017 vintage, black weedmat wines had the largest variation in aromatic profile when compared to control; additionally white weedmat was more closely related to the control. These differences had disappeared in the 2018 vintage with all wines having similar aromatic profile concentrations. Trained sensory panel could not discriminate treatment effects on wine flavor and aroma for either vintage. Ultimately, these findings support the use of weedmats in the viticulture setting to eliminate herbicide usage.

Herbicide reduction through the use of weedmat undervine treatment and the lack of impact on the aromatic profile and volatile composition of Malbec wines.

Cannabinoids are increasingly becoming compounds of medical interest. However, cannabis plants only produce carboxylated cannabinoids. In order to access the purported medical benefits of these compounds, the carboxylic acid moiety must be removed. This process is typically performed by heating the plant material or extract; however, cannabinoids being thermolabile can readily degrade, evaporate, or convert to undesired metabolites. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) operates using a pseudo-closed system under pressure and temperature. While pressure is maintained at 11 MPa, temperature can be varied from ambient to 200 °C.

Evaluation of thermo-chemical conversion temperatures of cannabinoid acids in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass by pressurized liquid extraction.

Cross-pollination of commercial crops has been an ongoing issue in many species.  spp. encompasses the classifications of marijuana [high in Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] and hemp (below 0.3% THC). As such, cannabis is the most recent crop facing the dilemma of cross-pollination and is leading to litigation. These litigations are driven by the large misunderstanding of the impacts of cross-pollination within the cannabis industry. The misconception is that if hemp is cross-pollinated by high THC cannabis, the hemp will become "hot" (high in THC) thereby rendering the crop illegal under the 2018 Farm Bill. However, there are many factors that contribute to the amount of THC a plant may produce. This article examines and refutes the misconception of cross-pollination increasing THC levels by highlighting several methods of how THC may become high in a given hemp crop.

Article	Year
Herbicide reduction through the use of weedmat undervine treatment and the lack of impact on the aromatic profile and volatile composition of Malbec wines. Food chemistry\| PubMed ID: 33172754	2021
Evaluation of thermo-chemical conversion temperatures of cannabinoid acids in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass by pressurized liquid extraction. Journal of cannabis research\| PubMed ID: 34465400	2021
Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of spp. Frontiers in plant science\| PubMed ID: 35154220	2022

Kenneth J. Olejar

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