ceramic-omnidirectional-bioprinting-cell-laden-suspensions-for

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Structurally, bone tissue is an inorganic-organic composite containing metabolically active cells embedded within a hierarchical, highly mineralized ...

University of New South Wales

Here, we present a concise review of current 3D bioprinting technologies applied to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). iPSC have recently received a great deal of attention from the scientific and clinical communities for their unique properties, which include abundant adult cell sources, ability to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into any tissue of the body. Bioprinting of iPSC and iPSC derived cells combined with natural or synthetic biomaterials to fabricate tissue mimicked constructs, has emerged as a technology that might revolutionize regenerative medicine and patient-specific treatment. This review covers the advantages and disadvantages of bioprinting techniques, influence of bioprinting parameters and printing condition on cell viability, and commonly used iPSC sources, and bioinks. A clear distinction is made for bioprinting techniques used for iPSC at their undifferentiated stage or when used as adult stem cells or terminally differentiated cells. This review presents state of the art data obtained from major searching engines, including Pubmed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus, concerning iPSC generation, undifferentiated iPSC, iPSC bioprinting, bioprinting techniques, cartilage, bone, heart, neural tissue, skin, and hepatic tissue cells derived from iPSC.

iPSC Bioprinting: Where are We at?

In this review, we summarize the challenges of the three-dimensional (3D) printing of porous bioceramics and their translational hurdles to clinical applications. The state-of-the-art of the major 3D printing techniques (powder-based and slurry-based), their limitations and key processing parameters are discussed in detail. The significant roadblocks that prevent implementation of 3D printed bioceramics in tissue engineering strategies, and medical applications are outlined, and the future directions where new research may overcome the limitations are proposed. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for a nanoscale control in 3D fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds via emerging techniques such as digital light processing, two-photon polymerization, or large area maskless photopolymerization. However, these techniques are still in a developmental stage and not capable of fabrication of large-sized bioceramic scaffolds; thus, there is a lack of sufficient data to evaluate their contribution. This review will also not cover polymer matrix composites reinforced with particulate bioceramics, hydrogels reinforced with particulate bioceramics, polymers coated with bioceramics and non-porous bioceramics.

3D Printing of Bioceramic Scaffolds-Barriers to the Clinical Translation: From Promise to Reality, and Future Perspectives.

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed to pluripotency from somatic cells, has transformed the landscape of regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery pipelines. Since the first generation of iPSCs in 2006, there has been enormous effort to develop new methods that increase reprogramming efficiency, and obviate the need for viral vectors. In parallel to this, the promise of in vivo reprogramming to convert cells into a desired cell type to repair damage in the body, constitutes a new paradigm in approaches for tissue regeneration. This review article explores the current state of reprogramming techniques for iPSC generation with a specific focus on alternative methods that use biophysical and biochemical stimuli to reduce or eliminate exogenous factors, thereby overcoming the epigenetic barrier towards vector-free approaches with improved clinical viability. We then focus on application of iPSC for therapeutic approaches, by giving an overview of ongoing clinical trials using iPSCs for a variety of health conditions and discuss future scope for using materials and reagents to reprogram cells in the body.

Targeting cell plasticity for regeneration: From in vitro to in vivo reprogramming.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve cardiac function after injury and are the subject of ongoing clinical trials. In this study, the authors tested the cardiac regenerative potential of an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSC (iPSC-MSC) population (Cymerus MSCs) in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Furthermore, the authors compared this efficacy with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), which are the predominant cell type in clinical trials.

Article	Year
iPSC Bioprinting: Where are We at? Materials (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 31374871	2019
3D Printing of Bioceramic Scaffolds-Barriers to the Clinical Translation: From Promise to Reality, and Future Perspectives. Materials (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 31438561	2019
Targeting cell plasticity for regeneration: From in vitro to in vivo reprogramming. Advanced drug delivery reviews\| PubMed ID: 32822682	2020
Pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve cardiac function and vascularity after myocardial infarction. Cytotherapy\| PubMed ID: 34588150	2021

Sara Romanazzo

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