large-scale-sars-cov-2-testing-utilizing-saliva-transposition-sample

Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling

Identification and isolation of contagious individuals along with quarantine of close contacts, is critical for slowing the spread of COVID-19. ...

Michigan State University

Doripenem is a group 2 carbapenem with enhanced in vitro activity against gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There is a paucity of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data on doripenem in patients with febrile neutropenia.

Pharmacokinetics and monte carlo simulations of doripenem in patients with febrile neutropenia.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of high (320/1600 mg) and standard (160/800 mg) doses of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and linezolid in outpatients with mild diabetic foot infections (DFIs).

Tissue penetration and antimicrobial activity of standard- and high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and linezolid in patients with diabetic foot infection.

Ceftaroline is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with activity against drug-resistant bacteria, including strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and may be useful to prevent and treat ventriculostomy-related infections (VRIs). The purpose of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prophylactic ceftaroline in neurosurgical patients with an external ventricular drain (EVD).

A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of ceftaroline prophylaxis in patients with external ventricular drains.

Epoxy PUFAs are endogenous cytochrome P450 (P450) metabolites of dietary PUFAs. Although these metabolites exert numerous biological effects, attempts to study their complex biology have been hampered by difficulty in obtaining the epoxides as pure regioisomers and enantiomers. To remedy this, we synthesized 19,20- and 16,17-epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) (the two most abundant EDPs in vivo) by epoxidation of DHA with WT and the mutant (F87V) P450 enzyme BM3 from  WT epoxidation yielded a 4:1 mixture of 19,20:16,17-EDP exclusively as (,) enantiomers. Epoxidation with the mutant (F87V) yielded a 1.6:1 mixture of 19,20:16,17-EDP; the 19,20-EDP fraction was ∼9:1 (,):(,), but the 16,17-EDP was exclusively the (,) enantiomer. To access the (,) enantiomers of these EDPs, we used a short (four-step) chemical inversion sequence, which utilizes 2-(phenylthio)ethanol as the epoxide-opening nucleophile, followed by mesylation of the resulting alcohol, oxidation of the thioether moiety, and base-catalyzed elimination. This short synthesis cleanly converts the (,)-epoxide to the (,)-epoxide without loss of enantiopurity. This method, also applicable to eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, provides a simple, cost-effective procedure for accessing larger amounts of these metabolites.

Enzymatic synthesis and chemical inversion provide both enantiomers of bioactive epoxydocosapentaenoic acids.

The pharmacokinetics, especially the volume of distribution (Vd), of ß-lactam antibiotics can be altered in critically ill patients. This can lead to decreased serum concentrations and a reduction in clinical cures. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) is a new antimicrobial agent utilized in critically ill patients although its pharmacokinetics has not been well defined in these patients.

Article	Year
Pharmacokinetics and monte carlo simulations of doripenem in patients with febrile neutropenia. The Annals of pharmacotherapy\| PubMed ID: 23012385	2012
Tissue penetration and antimicrobial activity of standard- and high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and linezolid in patients with diabetic foot infection. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy\| PubMed ID: 23873647	2013
A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of ceftaroline prophylaxis in patients with external ventricular drains. Surgical infections\| PubMed ID: 25826463	2015
Enzymatic synthesis and chemical inversion provide both enantiomers of bioactive epoxydocosapentaenoic acids. Journal of lipid research\| PubMed ID: 30209076	2018
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Ceftazidime/Avibactam in Critically Ill Patients. Surgical infections\| PubMed ID: 30351195	2019

Amy Scharmen

Biography

JoVE Journal Publications

Other Publications