contact-hypersensitivity-as-murine-model-allergic-contact

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an experimental model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) that can be studied in mice. This study aims to present an ...

Wroclaw Medical University

In order to improve targeted therapeutic approaches for asthma patients, insights into the molecular mechanisms that differentially contribute to disease phenotypes, such as obese asthmatics or severe asthmatics, are required. Here we report immunological and microbiome alterations in obese asthmatics (n = 50, mean age = 45), non-obese asthmatics (n = 53, mean age = 40), obese non-asthmatics (n = 51, mean age = 44) and their healthy counterparts (n = 48, mean age = 39). Obesity is associated with elevated proinflammatory signatures, which are enhanced in the presence of asthma. Similarly, obesity or asthma induced changes in the composition of the microbiota, while an additive effect is observed in obese asthma patients. Asthma disease severity is negatively correlated with fecal Akkermansia muciniphila levels. Administration of A. muciniphila to murine models significantly reduces airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation. Changes in immunological processes and microbiota composition are accentuated in obese asthma patients due to the additive effects of both disease states, while A. muciniphila may play a non-redundant role in patients with a severe asthma phenotype.

Obesity and disease severity magnify disturbed microbiome-immune interactions in asthma patients.

The upregulation of IFN pathways and their stimulated genes is associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The recent studies also indicate the involvement of interferon γ (IFNγ) in the pathogenesis of pSS. The study aimed to assess the clinical and immunological activity depending on the concentration of IFNγ in the peripheral blood in pSS patients.

The Clinical and Immunological Activity Depending on the Presence of Interferon γ in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome-A Pilot Study.

 The definition of ultra-rare disease in terms of its prevalence varies between the sources, usually amounting to ca. 1 in 1.000.000 births. Nonetheless, there are even less frequent disorders, such as Ogden syndrome, which up to this day was diagnosed in less than 10 patients worldwide. They present typically with a variety of developmental defects, including postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor delay and hypotonia. This disorder is caused by the heterozygous mutations in  gene, which encodes N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, involved in protein biosynthesis. Therefore, Ogden syndrome belongs to the broader group of genetic disorders, collectively described as -related syndrome.  We present a case of a Polish male infant, born in 39. GW with c-section due to the pathological cardiotocography signal. Hypotrophy (2400 g) and facial dysmorphism were noted in the physical examination. From the first minute, the child required mechanical ventilation - a nasal continuous positive airway pressure. For the first 27 days, the patient was treated in a neonatal intensive care unit, where a series of examinations were conducted. On their basis, the presence of the following defects was determined: muscular ventricular septal defects, patent foramen ovale, pectus excavatum, clubfoot and axial hypotonia. Child was then consequently referred to the genetic clinic for counselling. Results of the tests allowed the diagnosis of Ogden syndrome. In the following months the patient's condition worsened due to the numerous pulmonary infections. Despite the advanced treatment including the variety of medications, the patient eventually died at the age of 10 months.  This case report presents a tenth patient diagnosed with Ogden syndrome reported worldwide. It expands the morphologic and clinical phenotype, emphasizing the possible severity of pneumonological disorders in these patients, which may pose a greater threat to a child's life than more frequently described cardiovascular dysfunctions associated with this syndrome.

Article	Year
Obesity and disease severity magnify disturbed microbiome-immune interactions in asthma patients. Nature communications\| PubMed ID: 31836714	2019
The Clinical and Immunological Activity Depending on the Presence of Interferon γ in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome-A Pilot Study. Journal of clinical medicine\| PubMed ID: 35011744	2021
Case report: Rare among ultrarare-Clinical odyssey of a new patient with Ogden syndrome. Frontiers in genetics\| PubMed ID: 36134023	2022

Pawel Gajdanowicz

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