triplet-fusion-upconversion-nanocapsule-synthesis

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis

Triplet fusion upconversion (UC) allows for the generation of one high energy photon from two low energy input photons. This well-studied process has ...

Stanford University

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact nearly every aspect of our lives, including academic research. In this Matter of Opinion, we reflect on hosting both in-person and virtual undergraduate students during these challenging times.

Reflections on hosting summer undergraduate researchers in the midst of a pandemic.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has exploded in interest as new technologies have opened up a multitude of applications, with stereolithography a particularly successful approach. However, owing to the linear absorption of light, this technique requires photopolymerization to occur at the surface of the printing volume, imparting fundamental limitations on resin choice and shape gamut. One promising way to circumvent this interfacial paradigm is to move beyond linear processes, with many groups using two-photon absorption to print in a truly volumetric fashion. Using two-photon absorption, many groups and companies have been able to create remarkable nanoscale structures, but the laser power required to drive this process has limited print size and speed, preventing widespread application beyond the nanoscale. Here we use triplet fusion upconversion to print volumetrically with less than 4 milliwatt continuous-wave excitation. Upconversion is introduced to the resin by means of encapsulation with a silica shell and solubilizing ligands. We further introduce an excitonic strategy to systematically control the upconversion threshold to support either monovoxel or parallelized printing schemes, printing at power densities several orders of magnitude lower than the power densities required for two-photon-based 3D printing.

Article	Year
Reflections on hosting summer undergraduate researchers in the midst of a pandemic. Matter\| PubMed ID: 34632371	2021
Triplet fusion upconversion nanocapsules for volumetric 3D printing. Nature\| PubMed ID: 35444324	2022

Arynn O. Gallegos

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