an-innovative-3d-printed-insert-designed-to-enable-straightforward-2d

An Innovative 3D-Printed Insert Designed to Enable Straightforward 2D and 3D Cell Cultures

The classical analyses of indirect communication between different cell types necessitate the use of conditioned media. Moreover, the production of ...

Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne

Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims

BASF Beauty Care Solutions

Proteoglycans (PG) play an important role in maintaining the extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. Lumican, a small leucine rich PG, is one such actor capable of regulating such properties. In this study, the integrity of the dermis of lumican-deleted   vs. wild-type mice was investigated by conventional histology and by infrared spectral histology (IRSH). Infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive, rapid, label-free and sensitive technique that allows to probe molecular vibrations of biomolecules present in a tissue. Our IRSH results obtained on control (WT,  = 3) and   ( = 3) mice showed that different histological structures were identified by using K-means clustering and validated by hematoxylin eosin saffron (HES) staining. Furthermore, an important increase of the dermis thickness was observed in   compared to WT mice. In terms of structural information, analysis of the spectral images also revealed an intra-group homogeneity and inter-group heterogeneity. In addition, type I collagen contribution was evaluated by HES and picrosirius red staining as well as with IRSH. Both techniques showed a strong remodeling of the ECM in   mice due to the looseness of collagen fibers in the increased dermis space. These results confirmed the impact of lumican on the ECM integrity. The loss of collagen fibers organization due to the absence of lumican can potentially increase the accessibility of anti-cancer drugs to the tumor. These results are qualitatively interesting and would need further structural characterization of type I collagen fibers in terms of size, organization, and orientation.

Label-Free Infrared Spectral Histology of Skin Tissue Part I: Impact of Lumican on Extracellular Matrix Integrity.

The expression of glypicans in different hair follicle (HF) compartments and their potential roles during hair shaft growth are still poorly understood. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) distribution in HFs is classically investigated by conventional histology, biochemical analysis, and immunohistochemistry. In this report, a novel approach is proposed to assess hair histology and HSPG distribution changes in HFs at different phases of the hair growth cycle using infrared spectral imaging (IRSI). The distribution of HSPGs in HFs was probed by IRSI using the absorption region relevant to sulfation as a spectral marker. The findings were supported by Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry assays focusing on the glypican-1 expression and distribution in HFs. This study demonstrates the capacity of IRSI to identify the different HF tissue structures and to highlight protein, proteoglycan (PG), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and sulfated GAG distribution in these structures. The comparison between anagen, catagen, and telogen phases shows the qualitative and/or quantitative evolution of GAGs as supported by Western immunoblotting. Thus, IRSI can simultaneously reveal the location of proteins, PGs, GAGs, and sulfated GAGs in HFs in a reagent- and label-free manner. From a dermatological point of view, IRSI shows its potential as a promising technique to study alopecia.

Hair Histology and Glycosaminoglycans Distribution Probed by Infrared Spectral Imaging: Focus on Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan and Glypican-1 during Hair Growth Cycle.

The hair renewal involves changes in the morphology of the hair follicle and its micro-vascularization. In alopecia, the hair cycle is accelerated, resulting in the formation of thinner and shorter hair. In addition, alopecia is associated with a decrease in the micro-vascularization of the hair follicles. In this study, the role of glypicans (GPCs) was analyzed in the regulation of the angiogenesis of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). The analysis of glypican gene expression showed that GPC1 is the major glypican expressed by human keratinocytes of outer root sheath (KORS), human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HHFDPC) and HDMEC. KORS were demonstrated to secrete VEGF and HGF. The HDMEC pseudotube formation was induced by KORS conditioned media (KORS). It was totally abrogated after GPC1 siRNA transfection of HDMEC. Moreover, when cleaved by phospholipase C (PLC), GPC1 promotes the proliferation of HDMEC. Finally, GPC1 was shown to interact directly with VEGFR2 or c-Met to regulate angiogenesis induced by the activation of these receptors. Altogether, these results showed that GPC1 is a key regulator of microvascular endothelial cell angiogenesis induced by VEGF and HGF secreted by KORS. Thus, GPC1 might constitute an interesting target to tackle alopecia in dermatology research.

The Glypican-1/HGF/C-Met and Glypican-1/VEGF/VEGFR2 Ternary Complexes Regulate Hair Follicle Angiogenesis.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are part of proteoglycan family. They are composed of heparan sulfate (HS)-type glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently linked to a core protein. By interacting with growth factors and/or receptors, they regulate numerous pathways including Wnt, hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. They act as inhibitor or activator of these pathways to modulate embryonic and adult stem cell fate during organ morphogenesis, regeneration and homeostasis. This review summarizes the knowledge on HSPG structure and classification and explores several signaling pathways regulated by HSPGs in stem cell fate. A specific focus on hair follicle stem cell fate and the possibility to target HSPGs in order to tackle hair loss are discussed in more dermatological and cosmeceutical perspectives.

Article	Year
Label-Free Infrared Spectral Histology of Skin Tissue Part I: Impact of Lumican on Extracellular Matrix Integrity. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology\| PubMed ID: 32478070	2020
Hair Histology and Glycosaminoglycans Distribution Probed by Infrared Spectral Imaging: Focus on Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan and Glypican-1 during Hair Growth Cycle. Biomolecules\| PubMed ID: 33573119	2021
The Glypican-1/HGF/C-Met and Glypican-1/VEGF/VEGFR2 Ternary Complexes Regulate Hair Follicle Angiogenesis. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology\| PubMed ID: 34957110	2021
Regulation of stem cell fate by HSPGs: implication in hair follicle cycling. NPJ Regenerative medicine\| PubMed ID: 36577752	2022

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