generation-and-manipulation-of-rat-intestinal-organoids

Generation and Manipulation of Rat Intestinal Organoids

When using organoids to assess physiology and cell fate decisions, it is important to use a model that closely recapitulates in vivo contexts. ...

Yale School of Medicine

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), the Cl/HCO  channel implicated in Cystic Fibrosis, is critical to the pathophysiology of many gastrointestinal diseases. Defects in CFTR lead to intestinal dysfunction, malabsorption, obstruction, infection, inflammation, and cancer that increases morbidity and reduces quality of life. This review will focus on CFTR in the intestine and the implications of the subpopulation of CFTR High Expresser Cells (CHEs) in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), intestinal physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal diseases.

CFTR High Expresser Cells in cystic fibrosis and intestinal diseases.

Bacterial biofilms are formed on environmental surfaces and host tissues, and facilitate host colonization and antibiotic resistance by human pathogens. Bacteria often express multiple adhesive proteins (adhesins), but it is often unclear whether adhesins have specialized or redundant roles. Here, we show how the model biofilm-forming organism Vibrio cholerae uses two adhesins with overlapping but distinct functions to achieve robust adhesion to diverse surfaces. Both biofilm-specific adhesins Bap1 and RbmC function as a "double-sided tape": they share a β-propeller domain that binds to the biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide, but have distinct environment-facing domains. Bap1 adheres to lipids and abiotic surfaces, while RbmC mainly mediates binding to host surfaces. Furthermore, both adhesins contribute to adhesion in an enteroid monolayer colonization model. We expect that similar modular domains may be utilized by other pathogens, and this line of research can potentially lead to new biofilm-removal strategies and biofilm-inspired adhesives.

Article	Year
CFTR High Expresser Cells in cystic fibrosis and intestinal diseases. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 36967909	2023
Vibrio cholerae biofilms use modular adhesins with glycan-targeting and nonspecific surface binding domains for colonization. Nature communications\| PubMed ID: 37055389	2023

Kaelyn Sumigray

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