isolation-culture-characterization-primary-dermal-fibroblasts-from

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Dermal Fibroblasts from Human Keloid Tissue

Fibroblasts, the major cell type in keloid tissue, play an essential role in the formation and development&#160;of keloids. The isolation and culture of ...

Southern Medical University

Treating hypertrophic scars is a challenge for clinicians. Herein, we report a case of one female with both a facial port wine stain and a hypertrophic scar treated with Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy. Surprisingly, with the treatment of the facial port wine stain, the other skin lesion, the hypertrophic scar, also alleviated. HMME-PDT has been approved for application in PWS; however, this case showed effective easing of the hypertrophic scar lesion, which indicates that it might be a promising therapeutic method for hypertrophic scars.

Successful treatment of facial hypertrophic scar with HMME-PDT: A case report.

Biofilm formation is responsible for the development of chronic and recurrent  infections. The generation of biofilms is commonly accompanied by high resistance to conventional antifungal drugs, which can increase up to 1,000-fold. Fortunately, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown excellent potential to treat biofilm infections. However, the current most commonly used photosensitizer (PS), aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is hydrophilic, unstable, and has low permeability, leading to unsatisfactory effects on biofilm eradication. To solve these problems, more stable lipophilic PSs and more effective permeability carriers could be considered as two effective solutions. Hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL) has good bioavailability as a PS, and we proved in a previous study that ethosomes (ES), lipid-based nanocarriers, promote percutaneous drug penetration. In our previous study, a HAL-ES system presented superior photodynamic effects compared to those of ALA or HAL alone. Therefore, here, we aim to evaluate the biological effects of HAL-ES-mediated aPDT on  biofilm. An XTT sodium salt assay showed that aPDT using 0.5% HAL decreased  biofilm activity by 69.71 ± 0.43%. Moreover, aPDT with 0.5% HAL-ES further decreased biofilm activity by 92.95 ± 0.16% and inhibited growth of 25.71 ± 1.61% within 48 h, mostly  its effect on the hyphae growth, which correlated with a three-fold increase in  plasma membrane permeabilization. Notably, HAL-ES-mediated aPDT significantly reduced the sessile minimum inhibitory concentration 50 (SMIC50) of fluconazole to <2.0 μg/ml, and the 21-day survival rate of  biofilm-infected mice increased from 6.7 to 73.3%. It also significantly reduced the drug resistance and  pathogenicity of  biofilm. These results demonstrate that HAL-ES-mediated aPDT could be an effective therapy for  biofilm infections; while also serving as a particularly promising effective treatment for cutaneous or mucocutaneous candidiasis and the prevention of progression to systemic candidiasis.

Antifungal Photodynamic Activity of Hexyl-Aminolevulinate Ethosomes Against  Biofilm.

Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is known to cause failure of anti-acne treatment. Conventional therapies for acne are typically inadequate. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL)-loaded ethosomes (ESs) against the biofilms of P. acnes in vitro and P. acnes-induced inflammatory acne model in vivo. The antibacterial effects of HAL ESs were evaluated using XTT colorimetric assays and scanning electron microscopic observations of morphological changes. P. acnes was intradermally injected into the ears of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the anti-inflammatory effects of HAL ESs were measured by determining changes in appearance, histology, and the antibacterial effects by P. acnes abundance in ear tissues compared with blank control ESs, HAL alone, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) alone. The highest reduction in viability in P. acnes biofilms was observed after treatment with 5 mg/mL HAL ESs. Notably, blank control ESs also showed significant inhibitory effects. Furthermore, HAL ESs had superior therapeutic effects in the rat model compared with HAL or ALA solutions. The observed therapeutic effects of HAL ESs against P. acnes biofilms and P. acnes-induced inflammation suggest that PDT with HAL-loaded ESs may have potential applications in the treatment of acne.

Hexyl-aminolevulinate ethosome-mediated photodynamic therapy against acne: in vitro and in vivo analyses.

Successful treatment of microneedle fractional radiofrequency for refractory depressed scars in buttocks: A case report.

Keloid, characterized by fibroproliferative disorders of the skin, can be developed in people of different genders, ages and ethnicities. Keloid can appear in any part of the body but are especially common on the earlobe, upper torso and triangular muscle. The genetic heterogeneity and susceptibility of KD (keloid) vary among different races and ethnicities. Studies have found that multiple loci on multiple chromosomes are associated with the pathogenesis of KD, and specific gene variants may also be involved. Despite multiple investigations attempting to uncover the aetiology of keloid formation, the genetic mechanism of keloid formation remains unknown. To establish a foundation for a better understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of keloids, we have evaluated and summarized current studies which are mostly related to heredity, genetic polymorphisms, predisposing gene, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA. We also discussed the problems and potential of genetic and epigenetic investigations of keloids, with the goal of developing new therapeutic approaches to enhance the prognosis of keloid patients.

Article	Year
Successful treatment of facial hypertrophic scar with HMME-PDT: A case report. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy\| PubMed ID: 32622073	2020
Antifungal Photodynamic Activity of Hexyl-Aminolevulinate Ethosomes Against Biofilm. Frontiers in microbiology\| PubMed ID: 33042036	2020
Hexyl-aminolevulinate ethosome-mediated photodynamic therapy against acne: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug delivery and translational research\| PubMed ID: 33730323	2022
Successful treatment of microneedle fractional radiofrequency for refractory depressed scars in buttocks: A case report. Journal of cosmetic dermatology\| PubMed ID: 35398944	2022
Keloid: Genetic susceptibility and contributions of genetics and epigenetics to its pathogenesis. Experimental dermatology\| PubMed ID: 36052657	2022

Jinru Song

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