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Building Up Skin Models for Numerous Applications - from Two-Dimensional (2D) Monoculture to Three-Dimensional (3D) Multiculture

Due to the complex structure and important functions of the skin, it is an interesting research model for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medical ...

Warsaw University of Technology

Mast cells (MCs) play important roles in normal immune responses and pathological states. The location of MCs on the boundaries between tissues and the external environment, including gut mucosal surfaces, lungs, skin, and around blood vessels, suggests a multitude of immunological functions. Thus, MCs are pivotal for host defense against different antigens, including allergens and microbial pathogens. MCs can produce and respond to physiological mediators and chemokines to modulate inflammation. As long-lived, tissue-resident cells, MCs indeed mediate acute inflammatory responses such as those evident in allergic reactions. Furthermore, MCs participate in innate and adaptive immune responses to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The control of MC activation or stabilization is a powerful tool in regulating tissue homeostasis and pathogen clearance. Moreover, MCs contribute to maintaining the homeostatic equilibrium between host and resident microbiota, and they engage in crosstalk between the resident and recruited hematopoietic cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of MCs in health and disease. Further, we discuss how mouse models of MC deficiency have become useful tools for establishing MCs as a potential cellular target for treating inflammatory disorders.

The Multifaceted Roles of Mast Cells in Immune Homeostasis, Infections and Cancers.

An effective therapy for advanced melanoma, a skin cancer with the highest mortality, has not yet been developed. The endocannabinoid system is considered to be an attractive target for cancer treatment. The use of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide (AEA), is considered to be much greater than as a palliative agent. Thus, we checked its influence on various signaling pathways in melanoma cells. Our investigation was performed on four commercial cell lines derived from different progression stages (radial WM35 and vertical WM115 growth phases, lymph node WM266-4 metastasis, solid tumor A375-P metastasis). Cell viability, glucose uptake, quantification of reactive oxygen species production, expression of selected genes encoding glycosyltransferases, quantification of glycoproteins production and changes in the glycosylation profile and migration, as well as in cell elastic properties were analyzed. The cell glycosylation profile was investigated using the biophysical profiling method-the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Anandamide treatment of only metastatic cells resulted in: an increase in the cell metabolism, a decrease in  and  expression, followed by a decrease in L1-CAM glycoprotein production, which further influenced the reduction in the cell glycosylation profile and migration. Considering our results, AEA usage is highly recommended in the combined therapy of advanced melanoma.

Anandamide-Modulated Changes in Metabolism, Glycosylation Profile and Migration of Metastatic Melanoma Cells.

Cancer diseases have been one of the biggest health threats for the last two decades. Approximately 9% of all diagnosed cancers are skin cancers, including melanoma and non-melanoma. In all cancer cases, early diagnosis is essential to achieve efficient treatment. New solutions and advanced techniques for rapid diagnosis are constantly being sought. Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA synthetic sequences or peptides, which offer novel possibilities to this area of research by specifically binding selected molecules, the so-called cancer biomarkers. Nowadays, they are widely used as diagnostic probes in imaging and targeted therapy. In this review, we have summarized the recently made advances in diagnostics and treatment of skin cancers, which have been achieved by combining aptamers with basic or modern technologies.

Article	Year
The Multifaceted Roles of Mast Cells in Immune Homeostasis, Infections and Cancers. International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 35216365	2022
Anandamide-Modulated Changes in Metabolism, Glycosylation Profile and Migration of Metastatic Melanoma Cells. Cancers\| PubMed ID: 35326572	2022
Aptamer-based Advances in Skin Cancer Research. Current medicinal chemistry\| PubMed ID: 35400317	2023

Paulina Musolf

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