establishment-characterization-patient-derived-gastric-organoids-from

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-derived Gastric Organoids from Biopsies of Benign Gastric Body and Antral Epithelium

Gastric patient-derived organoids (PDOs) offer a unique tool for studying gastric biology and pathology. Consequently, these PDOs find increasing use in a ...

University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Carriers of a pathogenic germline variant (PV) in  or  are at increased risk for a number of malignancies, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that  PV carriers, and likely also  PV carriers, are also at increased risk for gastric cancer (GC), highlighting that GC may be part of the  cancer risk spectrum. While the pathogenesis of GC among  PV carriers remains unclear, increasing evidence reveals that GCs are often enriched with mutations in homologous recombination-associated genes such as , and that GC prognosis and response to certain therapies can depend on BRCA1/2 expression. Given the strength of data published to date, a risk management strategy for GC among  PV carriers is needed, and herein we also propose a potential strategy for GC risk management in this population. Moving forward, further study is clearly warranted to define the mechanistic relationship between  PVs and development of GC as well as to determine how GC risk management should be factored into the clinical care of  carriers.

Gastric Cancer Risk and Pathogenesis in  and  Carriers.

Injury to skeletal muscle through trauma, physical activity, or disease initiates a process called muscle regeneration. When injured myofibers undergo necrosis, muscle regeneration gives rise to myofibers that have myonuclei in a central position, which contrasts the normal, peripheral position of myonuclei. Myofibers with central myonuclei are called regenerating myofibers and are the hallmark feature of muscle regeneration. An important and underappreciated aspect of muscle regeneration is the maturation of regenerating myofibers into a normal sized myofiber with peripheral myonuclei. Strikingly, very little is known about processes that govern regenerating myofiber maturation after muscle injury. As knowledge of myofiber formation and maturation during embryonic, fetal, and postnatal development has served as a foundation for understanding muscle regeneration, this narrative review discusses similarities and differences in myofiber maturation during muscle development and regeneration. Specifically, we compare and contrast myonuclear positioning, myonuclear accretion, myofiber hypertrophy, and myofiber morphology during muscle development and regeneration. We also discuss regenerating myofibers in the context of different types of myofiber necrosis (complete and segmental) after muscle trauma and injurious contractions. The overall goal of the review is to provide a framework for identifying cellular and molecular processes of myofiber maturation that are unique to muscle regeneration.

Article	Year
Gastric Cancer Risk and Pathogenesis in and Carriers. Cancers\| PubMed ID: 36497436	2022
Regenerating Myofibers after an Acute Muscle Injury: What Do We Really Know about Them? International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 37628725	2023

Kole H. Buckley

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