in-vivo-calcium-imaging-dorsal-root-ganglia-neurons-response-to

<em>In Vivo</em> Calcium Imaging of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons' Response to Somatic and Visceral Stimuli

A technique is described for surgically exposing the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the lumbar-6 in a live, anesthetized laboratory mouse, along with the ...

erratum-vivo-calcium-imaging-dorsal-root-ganglia-neurons-response-to

Erratum: <em>In Vivo</em> Calcium Imaging of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons' Response to Somatic and Visceral Stimuli

This corrects the article ...

gastrointestinal-motility-recording-using-balloon-insertion

Gastrointestinal Motility Recording Using Balloon Insertion

Gastrointestinal motility is one of the most important physiological functions of the digestive system. The migrating motor complex (MMC) is a ...

China Academy Of Chinese Medical Sciences

Decreased attention to social information is considered an early emerging symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the underlying causes remain controversial. Here we explored the impact of nonsocial object salience on reduced attention to social stimuli in male ASD compared with typically developing (TD) children. Correlations with blood concentrations of neuropeptides linked with social cognition were also investigated. Eye-tracking was performed in 102 preschool-aged boys (50 ASD, 52 TD) using a paradigm with social (faces) versus nonsocial (objects) stimuli presented in pairs in two conditions where nonsocial stimulus salience was varied. Basal oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin concentrations were measured in blood. Compared with TD boys those with ASD viewed social stimuli less only when they were paired with low-salience nonsocial objects. Additionally, boys with ASD spent less time than TD ones viewing facial features, particularly the eyes. In TD boys, OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores were positively associated with time spent viewing the eye region, whereas for boys with ASD associations with time spent viewing faces were negative. Reduced gaze toward social stimuli in ASD relative to TD individuals may therefore be influenced by how salient the paired nonsocial objects are for the latter. On the other hand, reduced interest in the eyes of faces in boys with ASD is not influenced by how salient competing nonsocial stimuli are. Basal OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores are predictive of time spent viewing social stimuli in TD boys (eyes) and those with ASD (faces) but in the opposite direction. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism exhibit reduced attention to social paired with nonsocial stimuli compared to typically developing children. Using eye-tracking we show this difference is due to typically developing rather than autistic boys being more influenced by how interesting competing nonsocial objects are. On the other hand, reduced time looking at the eyes in autistic relative to typically developing boys is unaffected by nonsocial object salience. Time spent viewing social stimuli is associated with cognitive development and blood levels of oxytocin.

The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys.

SHANK3 is an important excitatory postsynaptic scaffold protein, and its mutations lead to genetic cause of neurodevelopmental diseases including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Philan McDermid syndrome (PMS), and intellectual disability (ID). Early prevention and treatment are important for Shank3 gene mutation disease. Swimming has been proven to have a positive effect on neurodegenerative diseases.

Swimming exercise is a promising early intervention for autism-like behavior in Shank3 deletion rats.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive behavior. Gastrointestinal (GI) problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel disease, commonly occur in patients with ASD. Previously, GI problems of ASD patients were attributed to intestinal inflammation and vertical mother-to-infant microbiome transmission.

Gastrointestinal problems in a valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: From maternal intestinal health to offspring intestinal function.

The movement of intestinal smooth muscle is regulated by the external autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its internal enteric nervous system (ENS). Previous studies have shown that acupuncture has a bidirectional regulating effect on intestinal motility through the sympathetic and vagal ANSs. ENS can independently regulate the sensory, secretory, and motor functions of the intestine. The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), the pacemaker cells in ENS, play a key role in maintaining gastrointestinal motility. However, studies on the role and mechanism of ICC in the regulation of intestinal function by acupuncture are still unclear.

Interstitial Cells of Cajal Are Required for Different Intestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture.

Pharmacogenetic activation of the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor b4 (Mrgprb4) neurons in the dorsal root ganglia is positively reinforcing, and these neurons can be activated by innocuous or noxious mechanical stimuli. However, direct evidence regarding the role of these neurons and how they encode diverse somatic inputs remains unclear. To address this, the mild pressure conditioned place preference (MP-CPP) was conducted to evaluate the indispensability of Mrgprb4-lineage neurons in the pleasantness caused by pressure. Mice without Mrgprb4-lineage neurons lost the preference for pressure. The number of Mrgprb4-lineage neurons activated by pressure was significantly higher than that of brush and pinch. The Ca transients activated by pressure and brush were higher than that of pinch. Further analysis of co-activating mechano-thermosensitive neurons showed that pressure evoked higher fluorescence than that of 0°C and 43°C. In brief, Mrgprb4-lineage neurons are needed to transmit pleasant sensation and exhibit functional polymodality.

ArticleTotal : 3	Year
Publication title Cited by 2	2024
Publication title Cited by 1	2024
Publication title	2025

Article	Year
The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research\| PubMed ID: 35357777	2022
Swimming exercise is a promising early intervention for autism-like behavior in Shank3 deletion rats. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics\| PubMed ID: 36221783	2023
Gastrointestinal problems in a valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: From maternal intestinal health to offspring intestinal function. World journal of psychiatry\| PubMed ID: 39050201	2024
Interstitial Cells of Cajal Are Required for Different Intestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture. Neurogastroenterology and motility\| PubMed ID: 39617979	2025
Mrgprb4-lineage neurons indispensable in pressure induced pleasant sensation are polymodal. iScience\| PubMed ID: 40034120	2025

Xiaoxi Wang

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