induction-petite-colonies-candida-glabrate-via-rose-bengal-mediated

Induction of Petite Colonies in Candida glabrate via Rose Bengal-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy

Facing a 40% mortality rate in candidemia patients, drug-resistant Candida and their petite mutants remain a major treatment challenge. Antimicrobial ...

National Cheng Kung University

Cryptococcus albidus keratitis is a rare and difficult diagnosed disease. Here we report a case of C albidus keratitis early diagnosed by dot hybridization assay and successfully treated with intrastromal injection of Amphotericin B (AB).A 45-year-old man presented with left red eye for 2 days. The slit lamp examination exhibited deep corneal infiltrations. Smears and cultures were performed but revealed negative findings. Molecular detection of pathogens was performed by dot hybridization assay, and C albidus keratitis was diagnosed. Despite the identification of C albidus, the clinical condition still worsened due to deep corneal infiltration. After performing intrastromal injection of AB, the corneal infiltration gradually improved.C albidus is a rare cause of diseases in humans and should be considered as a potential pathogen of corneal ulcer. The prognosis of C albidus keratitis will improve if the condition is recognized early and treated properly.

Early diagnosis and successful treatment of Cryptococcus albidus keratitis: a case report and literature review.

Infectious keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is a devastating condition that may result in graft failure and poor visual outcome. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent PK between 2009 and 2014, and recorded those who developed infectious keratitis. We compared the predisposing factors and organisms isolated to those identified in our previous study, conducted between 1989 and 1994. The incidence of post-PK infectious keratitis decreased from 11.6% (41 out of 354 cases, 1989-1994) to 6.5% (9 out of 138 cases, 2009-2014). Graft epithelial defect and suture-related problems remained the leading two risk factors of infectious keratitis after PK. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infection decreased from 58.5% and 46.3% to 11.1% and 22.2%, respectively (P = 0.023 and P = 0.271). In contrast, fungus infection increased from 9.8% to 66.7% (P = 0.001); fungi have become the major pathogen for post-PK infectious keratitis. In conclusion, while the incidence of post-PK infectious keratitis has decreased over time, the number and frequency of fungal infections have significantly increased in the recent study period. Clinicians should be aware of the shifting trend in pathogens involved in post-PK infectious keratitis.

A comparative, retrospective, observational study of the clinical and microbiological profiles of post-penetrating keratoplasty keratitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of ethanol pretreatment in  keratitis (AK).

Effect of ethanol pretreatment in  keratitis: a long-term follow-up study.

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and long-term outcomes of treatment with topical 2% ganciclovir solution in immunocompetent patients with aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-proven cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis and corneal endotheliitis.

Long-Term Outcome of Treatment with 2% Topical Ganciclovir Solution in Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis and Corneal Endotheliitis.

Although past research has shown an association between obesity and herpes simplex virus infection, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) recurrence has never been investigated. In this study, we included HSK patients who received oral valacyclovir as prophylactic treatment between January 2016 and January 2021. Recurrence, possible risk factors, and the time to recurrence were recorded during follow-ups. Among the 56 patients included in this study, recurrence was reported in 21 (37.5%) patients. The age at disease onset and mean follow-up time were not significantly different in the recurrence and non-recurrence groups. However, in the Cox regression analysis, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m was noted as the variable having significant correlation with recurrence ( = 0.01 in univariate analysis and  = 0.001 in multivariate analysis). In conclusion, overweight and obesity were revealed as risk factors for HSK recurrence in patients receiving long-term antiviral prophylaxis. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate acyclovir concentrations in the blood or aqueous humour in order to achieve desirable prophylactic effects, especially in the overweight and obese patients.

Overweight and Obesity as Risk Factors for Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis during Long-Term Antiviral Prophylaxis.

In Asian countries, such as Taiwan, social taboos regarding organ and tissue donation decreases the prevalence of organ and tissue transplants. This also applies to cornea recovery, which is a skill that requires precision and practice to perform well. In Taiwan, to ensure the maintenance of high-quality corneas, a comprehensive training program and certified examination has been implemented. This study aims to investigate the impact of these programs and examinations on cornea recovery.

Article	Year
Early diagnosis and successful treatment of Cryptococcus albidus keratitis: a case report and literature review. Medicine\| PubMed ID: 25984681	2015
A comparative, retrospective, observational study of the clinical and microbiological profiles of post-penetrating keratoplasty keratitis. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 27587283	2016
Effect of ethanol pretreatment in keratitis: a long-term follow-up study. Infection and drug resistance\| PubMed ID: 30013376	2018
Long-Term Outcome of Treatment with 2% Topical Ganciclovir Solution in Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis and Corneal Endotheliitis. Infection and drug resistance\| PubMed ID: 35791348	2022
Overweight and Obesity as Risk Factors for Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis during Long-Term Antiviral Prophylaxis. Viruses\| PubMed ID: 36560816	2022
Impact of cornea recovery training and certification on ophthalmology residents. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 37829815	2023

I-Huang Lin

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