real-time-in-vitro-migration-assay-for-primary-murine-cd8-t-cells

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells

The adaptive immune response is reliant on a T cell&#39;s ability to migrate through blood, lymph, and tissue&#160;in response to pathogens and foreign ...

University of Rochester

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for several hematologic cancers. However, efforts to achieve the same level of therapeutic success in solid tumors have largely failed mainly due to CAR-T cell exhaustion and poor persistence at the tumor site. Although immunosuppression mediated by augmented programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expression has been proposed to cause CAR-T cell hypofunction and limited clinical efficacy, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and immunological consequences of PD-1 expression on CAR-T cells. With flow cytometry analyses and  and  anti-cancer T cell function assays, we found that both manufactured murine and human CAR-T cell products displayed phenotypic signs of T cell exhaustion and heterogeneous expression levels of PD-1. Unexpectedly, PD-1 CAR-T cells outperformed PD-1 CAR-T cells in multiple T cell functions both  and . Despite the achievement of superior persistence at the tumor site , adoptive transfer of PD-1 CAR-T cells alone failed to control tumor growth. Instead, a PD-1 blockade combination therapy significantly delayed tumor progression in mice infused with PD-1 CAR-T cells. Therefore, our data demonstrate that robust T cell activation during the ex vivo CAR-T cell manufacturing process generates a PD-1 CAR-T cell subset with improved persistence and enhanced anti-cancer functions. However, these cells may be vulnerable to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and require combination with PD-1 inhibition to maximize therapeutic functions in solid tumors.

PD-1 CAR-T cells provide superior protection against solid tumors.

Immune cell migration is required for the development of an effective and robust immune response. This elegant process is regulated by both cellular and environmental factors, with variables such as immune cell state, anatomical location, and disease state that govern differences in migration patterns. In all cases, a major factor is the expression of cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands. Rapid adaptation to environmental conditions partly depends on intrinsic cellular immune factors that affect a cell's ability to adjust to new environment. In this review, we discuss both myeloid and lymphoid cells and outline key determinants that govern immune cell migration, including molecules required for immune cell adhesion, modes of migration, chemotaxis, and specific chemokine signaling. Furthermore, we summarize tumor-specific elements that contribute to immune cell trafficking to cancer, while also exploring microenvironment factors that can alter these cellular dynamics within the tumor in both a pro and antitumor fashion. Specifically, we highlight the importance of the secretome in these later aspects. This review considers a myriad of factors that impact immune cell trajectory in cancer. We aim to highlight the immunotherapeutic targets that can be harnessed to achieve controlled immune trafficking to and within tumors.

Article	Year
PD-1 CAR-T cells provide superior protection against solid tumors. Frontiers in immunology\| PubMed ID: 37388744	2023
Immune Cell Migration to Cancer. Cells\| PubMed ID: 38786066	2024

Allison T. Ryan

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