in-vitro-modeling-fat-deposition-metabolic-dysfunction-associated

In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has surged due to changes in economic and lifestyle patterns, leading ...

Inner Mongolia Medical University

National and local Joint Mongolian Medicine R & D Engineering Center

Inner Mongolia Minzu University

To observe the effect of electro-warmed needle (EWN, of Inner-Mongolian medicine) on fatigue rats' behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortex (HPA) axis activity and immune system so as to reveal its neuro-endocrino-immune mechanism.

[Effects of electro-warmed needle of inner-Mongolian medicine on serum TNF-alpha, ACTH and corticosterone contents in fatigue rats].

To investigate the effect of moxibustion of "Zusanli "(ST36) on levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and hypothalamus regions of rats with fatigue, so as to reveal its anti-fatigue mechanism.

[Effect of moxibustion on inflammatory cytokine levels in hippocampus and hypothalamus in rats with fatigue].

The mechanism of Mongolian warm acupuncture (MWA) for the treatment of insomnia has not been previously reported.

Effect of Mongolian warm acupuncture on the gene expression profile of rats with insomnia.

Accumulating data indicates that brain inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic exercise-induced fatigue. Moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine has been found to alleviate exercise-induced fatigue. However, it remains unclear whether the effect of moxibustion is related to its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, rats were exposed to 3-week exhaustive swimming to induce chronic exercise-induced fatigue. The body weight, exhaustive swimming time, tail suspension test and open-field test were observed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α]), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations. Chronic exhaustive exercise significantly reduced the body weight and exhaustive swimming time, and increased tail suspension immobility time, which were reversed by moxibustion treatment. Compared with control rats, the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus was significantly increased in exhaustive swimming trained rats. Moxibustion significantly decreased the level of IL-6 in the hippocampus, but not affected IL-1β and TNF-α level significantly. Our results suggested that a potential inflammatory damage in the brain may be involved during chronic exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue. Moxibustion could attenuate the inflammatory impairment in exercise-induced fatigue, which might be mediated by inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels in the brain region.

Moxibustion Reduces Inflammatory Response in the Hippocampus of a Chronic Exercise-Induced Fatigue Rat.

The inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced fatigue. Studies have found that Mongolian warm acupuncture (WA) could alleviate exercise-induced fatigue. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Mongolian WA on iNOS/NO signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines in a chronic exhaustive swimming-induced fatigue rat model. Animals were randomly divided into Control group, Ctrl + WA group, Model group, and Model + WA group. The body weight, exhaustive swimming time test, and Morris water maze test were performed before and after the chronic exhaustive swimming. The serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and iNOS were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and iNOS in the hippocampus were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, the protein expression of iNOS in the hippocampus was measured by western blot, and the NO productions in the serum and hippocampus were detected by Griess reaction system. Chronic exhaustive exercise significantly reduced the body weight and exhaustive swimming time, and induced impairment in learning and memory, and which were reversed by WA treatment. Chronic exhaustive exercise also increased the expressions of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines, while WA treatment significantly decreased the level of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines. However, chronic exhaustive exercise did not affect the NO production. These findings demonstrated that WA could alleviate the chronic exhaustive swimming-induced fatigue and improve the learning and memory ability, and the actions might be related to the reduction of inflammatory response and iNOS expression.

Effects of Mongolian Warm Acupuncture on iNOS/NO and Inflammatory Cytokines in the Hippocampus of Chronic Fatigue Rats.

To observe the effect of moxibustion on interleukin-6(IL-6)/signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3(STAT3) signaling pathway in the frontal cortex of fatigue rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying alleviation of fatigue.

[Effect of moxibustion on IL-6/STAT3 signaling in frontal cortex of fatigue rats].

Mammary gland hyperplasia, a prevalent benign breast condition, often serves as a precursor to various other breast diseases. He-Zi-3 soup (HZ-3), a traditional Mongolian remedy, is utilized for treating this condition.

Article	Year
[Effects of electro-warmed needle of inner-Mongolian medicine on serum TNF-alpha, ACTH and corticosterone contents in fatigue rats]. Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research\| PubMed ID: 18928119	2008
[Effect of moxibustion on inflammatory cytokine levels in hippocampus and hypothalamus in rats with fatigue]. Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research\| PubMed ID: 30945502	2019
Effect of Mongolian warm acupuncture on the gene expression profile of rats with insomnia. Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society\| PubMed ID: 31225736	2019
Moxibustion Reduces Inflammatory Response in the Hippocampus of a Chronic Exercise-Induced Fatigue Rat. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 31616260	2019
Effects of Mongolian Warm Acupuncture on iNOS/NO and Inflammatory Cytokines in the Hippocampus of Chronic Fatigue Rats. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 32082125	2019
[Effect of moxibustion on IL-6/STAT3 signaling in frontal cortex of fatigue rats]. Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research\| PubMed ID: 32643883	2020
Exploring the inhibitory impact of Mongolian medicinal He-Zi-3 soup on mammary gland hyperplasia in rats induced by estrogen and progestogen. Journal of ethnopharmacology\| PubMed ID: 38583733	2024

Yingsong Chen

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