retinal-choroidal-thickness-changes-populations-with-helicobacter

Retinal and Choroidal Thickness Changes in Populations with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Around half of the world&#39;s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is closely related to several ocular diseases. The study ...

Fudan University

Mycobacterium houstonense is rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) that belongs to M. fortuitum group. So far, there have been few associated reports of human diseases induced by M. houstonense worldwide.

Endophthalmitis caused by Mycobacterium houstonense: case report.

HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global public health issue, affecting multiple organs, such as the eyes. With the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), the incidence has dropped but HIV ocular complications still remain a major cause of vision impairment in HIVpositive individuals. Since modern medical interventions nowadays can change this previously fatal infection into a chronic disease and enable people living with HIV for relatively long and healthy lives, recent studies update the incidence of HIV-related ocular manifestations, which has reached 70% among HIV patients. The primary ocular disorders induced by HIV are various and the clinical ocular findings are similar, which may be a problem to diagnose in the setting of disease. In our discussion, these complications are classified by etiology, for example noninfectious microvasculopathy resulting from direct invasion of the HIV, HIV-associated opportunistic infections caused by a virus, such as cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus, fungus for example, candida and cryptococcus, bacteria like mycobacterium, parasites, such as toxoplasma and pneumocystis, and other pathogens, and infiltration lesions like lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. In order to get a better understanding of HIV ocular complications, we focus on HIV-related ocular complications in the HAART era with an emphasis on current incidence, clinical manifestations, ocular examination findings, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In addition, we discuss the possibility of virus reservoir in the eyes, which makes HIV-related oculopathy still ubiquitous even after successful systemic treatment.

New Insights into Ocular Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Microglia, the primary resident immunocytes in the retina, continuously function as immune system supervisors in sustaining intraocular homeostasis. Microglia relate to many diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and optic nerve injury. To further investigate their morphology and functions , a reliable culture procedure of primary human retinal microglia is necessary. However, the culture condition of microglia from the adult retina is unclear. Researchers created several protocols, but most of them were carried out on rodents and newborns. This study describes a protocol to isolate and characterize human primary retinal microglia from human post-mortem eyes. The whole procedure started with removing the retinal vessels, mechanical separation and enzymatic dissociation, filtration, and centrifugation. Then, we cultured the cell suspensions on a T-75 flask for 18 days and then shook retinal microglia from other retinal cells. We found numerous retinal microglia grow and attach to Müller cells 10 days after seeding and increase rapidly on days 14-18. Iba1 and P2RY12 were used to qualify microglia through immunofluorescence. Moreover, CD11b and P2RY12 were positive in flow cytometry, which helps to discriminate microglia from other cells and macrophages. We also observed a robust response of retinal microglia in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment with proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, this study provides an effective way to isolate and culture retinal microglia from adult human eyes, which may be critical for future functional investigations.

Isolation and Characterization of Primary Retinal Microglia From the Human Post-mortem Eyes for Future Studies of Ocular Diseases.

To delineate the characteristics and treatment of cytomegalovirus-immune recovery retinitis (CMV-IRR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with immune recovery under effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen.

Cytomegalovirus-Immune Recovery Retinitis After Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Series.

To investigate the effects of vitamin C on central retinal thickness and choroidal thickness.

Choroidal and retinal thickness in patients with vitamin C deficiency using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by necrotizing vasculitis of the small-to-medium-sized vessels. GPA results from irregular autoimmune response with elevation of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and inflammatory damage of vascular endothelial cells and other tissues. Ocular involvement is common in GPA with various manifestations due to the different ocular tissues suffered, but mostly, it causes orbital mass, dacryocystitis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis. The diagnosis of GPA is based on a comprehensive analysis of systemic manifestations of vasculitis, imaging examinations, laboratory test especially serum levels of ANCA, and histological biopsy. Immunosuppressive therapy has greatly lowered the mortality and improved the prognosis of GPA, and the emergence of biological therapy indicates a promising prospect for GPA treatment strategy. In this narrative review, we integrate the latest literature on GPA-induced ocular disorders, presenting the previous views and new understandings especially on epidemiology, etiology, molecular mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of GPA-related ocular involvement.

Updates of ocular involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

To determine tenofovir (TFV) penetration into intraocular tissues using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).

Tenofovir Concentration Is Not Enough in Intraocular Tissues of Patients With HIV infection.

The study was conducted to analyze HIV dynamics across blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and the relevant risk factors for HIV-associated ocular complications.

Discordance of Aqueous/Plasma HIV Replication on ART.

Efavirenz (EFV) is commonly used in combination antiretroviral therapy. However, in our previous study, many persons living with HIV exhibited ocular complications despite undergoing effective combination antiretroviral therapy. Here, we aimed to determine the intraocular EFV concentrations in the vitreous and analyze the factors affecting viral load in the vitreous in patients with HIV-associated retinopathies.

The Association of Intraocular Efavirenz Concentrations and HIV-1 Viral Load Among Persons With HIV.

This study aims to investigate the functions and mechanistic pathways of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) in the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) caused by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120.

HIV-1 gp120 amplifies astrocyte elevated gene-1 activity to compromise the integrity of the outer blood-retinal barrier.

To investigate the associations between retinal/choroidal microvasculature and carotid plaque in patients with CAD assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Associations between the retinal/choroidal microvasculature and carotid plaque in patients with CAD: An OCTA study.

To investigate the correlation between retinal vessel density (VD) parameters with serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) using novel optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) denoising images based on artificial intelligence (AI).

Article	Year
Endophthalmitis caused by Mycobacterium houstonense: case report. BMC infectious diseases\| PubMed ID: 33198648	2020
New Insights into Ocular Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Current HIV research\| PubMed ID: 34387164	2021
Isolation and Characterization of Primary Retinal Microglia From the Human Post-mortem Eyes for Future Studies of Ocular Diseases. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 35095423	2021
Cytomegalovirus-Immune Recovery Retinitis After Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Series. Frontiers in medicine\| PubMed ID: 35573011	2022
Choroidal and retinal thickness in patients with vitamin C deficiency using swept-source optical coherence tomography. BMC ophthalmology\| PubMed ID: 35850684	2022
Updates of ocular involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie\| PubMed ID: 36473987	2023
Tenofovir Concentration Is Not Enough in Intraocular Tissues of Patients With HIV infection. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)\| PubMed ID: 36881850	2023
Discordance of Aqueous/Plasma HIV Replication on ART. Current HIV research\| PubMed ID: 38151835	2024
The Association of Intraocular Efavirenz Concentrations and HIV-1 Viral Load Among Persons With HIV. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)\| PubMed ID: 38534141	2024
HIV-1 gp120 amplifies astrocyte elevated gene-1 activity to compromise the integrity of the outer blood-retinal barrier. AIDS (London, England)\| PubMed ID: 38578957	2024
Associations between the retinal/choroidal microvasculature and carotid plaque in patients with CAD: An OCTA study. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 38623223	2024
The impact of serum BNP on retinal perfusion assessed by an AI-based denoising optical coherence tomography angiography in CHD patients. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 38655359	2024

Luoziyi Wang

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