in-vitro-culture-for-h5n1-specific-duck-t-cells-detection-immune

<em>In Vitro</em> Culture for H5N1-Specific Duck T Cells and Detection of Immune Responses Using Intracellular Cytokine Staining Method

The in vitro culture of T cells is a critical method for studying immune responses, viral infections, and potential therapeutic strategies. However, no ...

South China Agricultural University

National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory

The duck CD8 T-cell response effectively defends against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection, but the recognized peptide is rarely identified. Here, we found that the ratio of CD8 T cells and the expression of IFN-γ and cytotoxicity-associated genes, including granzyme A/K, perforin and IL2, at 7 days post-infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from B1 haplotype ducks significantly increased in the context of defending against H5N1 AIV infection in vivo. Moreover, similar results were observed in cultured and sorted H5N1 AIV-stimulated duck CD8 T cells in vitro. Next, we selected 109 epitopes as candidate epitopes on the basis of the MHC-I restriction binding peptide prediction website database and further identified twelve CD8 T-cell epitopes that significantly increased IFN-γ gene expression after stimulating B1 haplotype duck memory PBMCs. In particular, NP, NP, M, PB1 and PA were highly conserved in H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, H7N9, and H9N2 AIVs. These findings provide directions for the development of universal T-cell epitope vaccines for AIV in ducks.

Revealing novel CD8 T-cell epitopes from the H5N1 avian influenza virus in HBW/B1 haplotype ducks.

Since 2020, the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have caused unprecedented outbreaks in wild birds and domestic poultry globally, resulting in significant ecological damage and economic losses due to the disease and enforced stamp-out control. In addition to the avian hosts, the H5N1 viruses have expanded their host range to infect many mammalian species, potentially increasing the zoonotic risk. Here, we review the current knowns and unknowns of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 viruses, and we highlight common challenges in prevention. By integrating our knowledge of viral evolution and ecology, we aim to identify discrepancies and knowledge gaps for a more comprehensive understanding of the virus. Ultimately, this review will serve as a theoretical foundation for researchers involved in related avian influenza virus studies, aiding in improved control and prevention of H5N1 viruses.

Article	Year
Revealing novel CD8 T-cell epitopes from the H5N1 avian influenza virus in HBW/B1 haplotype ducks. Veterinary research\| PubMed ID: 39695865	2024
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses: knowns, unknowns, and challenges. Journal of virology\| PubMed ID: 40340397	2025

Wanlin Jiao

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