establishment-comparison-fluorescence-based-t6ss-activity-detection

Establishment and Comparison of Fluorescence-Based T6SS Activity Detection Methods in <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>

The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a crucial mechanism mediating intercellular interactions in Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in pathogenic ...

The First Hospital of Jilin University

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for  autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition).

The integration of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has played a huge role in improved anticancer treatments. Here, a novel multifunctional nanoplatform based on CuS conjugated NaYF:Yb/Er@NaYF:Yb upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) was proposed and designed. In the UCNPs-CuS nanocomposites, UCNPs with excellent luminescent properties and a high X-ray attenuation coefficient can serve as an upconversion luminescence (UCL) and computer tomography (CT) imaging contrast agent; meanwhile, Cu(II) in the CuS nanodots enables the nanocomposites to have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ability owing to the presence of unpaired electrons. Moreover, the CuS nanodots with a strong absorbance in the NIR II biowindow not only could be employed as a stable photothermal agent under NIR laser irradiation, but also could be used as a photothermal-enhanced Fenton nanocatalyst to respond to over-expressed HO in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) to effectively kill cancer cells. Furthermore, the UCNPs-CuS nanocomposites possess negligible cytotoxicity and a high photothermal conversion efficiency (43.8%) in the NIR-II biowindow (1064 nm), indicating that they possess great potential for the UCL/CT/MR multi-modal imaging guided synergistic enhanced CDT/PTT of cancer.

Engineering CuS-conjugated upconverting nanocomposites for NIR-II light-induced enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal therapy of cancer.

Correction for 'Engineering CuS-conjugated upconverting nanocomposites for NIR-II light-induced enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal therapy of cancer' by Kaimin Du , , 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00337b.

Article	Year
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition). Autophagy\| PubMed ID: 33634751	2021
Engineering CuS-conjugated upconverting nanocomposites for NIR-II light-induced enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal therapy of cancer. Journal of materials chemistry. B\| PubMed ID: 35226035	2021
Correction: Engineering CuS-conjugated upconverting nanocomposites for NIR-II light-induced enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal therapy of cancer. Journal of materials chemistry. B\| PubMed ID: 35226036	2021

Shuang Zhao

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