real-time-force-measurement-between-emulsion-droplets-during

Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown

This protocol introduces a unique methodology for investigating the stability of emulsions and the dynamic disintegration of emulsion droplets during ...

Zhejiang University of Technology

Emulsions are dispersed systems widely used in various industries. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy (RS), as a spectroscopic technique, has gained much attention for measuring and monitoring emulsions. In this review, we explore the use of RS on emulsion structures and emulsification, important reactions that use emulsions such as emulsion polymerization, catalysis and cascading reactions, as well as various applications of emulsions. We explore how RS is used in emulsions, reactions and applications. RS is a powerful and versatile tool for studying emulsions, but there are also challenges in using RS to monitor emulsion processes, especially if they are rapid or volatile. We also explore these challenges and difficulties, as well as possible designs that can be used to overcome them.

Raman Spectroscopy of Emulsions and Emulsion Chemistry.

Salted duck eggs are a popular food in China and a key ingredient in pastries such as mooncakes, valued for their unique flavors. In this study, we examined the influence of brining processes on duck eggs, focusing on salt concentration and the effect of added wine. Four experimental groups were established: 18% salt, 25% salt, and 18% or 25% salt with added wine. The results from egg yolks suggest that increasing the salt concentration or adding 10% wine (53% alcohol) accelerates the brining process, while the Raman spectra of egg whites remain remarkably stable throughout brining. Our findings suggest that the traditional 30-day brining period can be reduced to 20-25 days with a higher salt concentration or the addition of wine, after which the egg yolk structure becomes largely stable.

Raman Spectroscopy Monitoring of Duck Egg Brining Process.

Dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is nowadays one of the most interesting applications of SERS, in particular for single molecule studies. In fact, it enables the study of real-time processes at the molecular level. This review summarizes the latest developments in dynamic SERS techniques and their applications, focusing on new instrumentation, data analysis methods, temporal resolution and sensitivity improvements, and novel substrates. We highlight the progress and applications of single-molecule dynamic SERS in monitoring chemical reactions, catalysis, biomolecular interactions, conformational dynamics, and real-time sensing and detection. We aim to provide a comprehensive review on its advancements, applications as well as its current challenges and development frontiers.

Advances and applications of dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for single molecule studies.

Emulsions stabilized by protein/polysaccharide complexes have attracted great interest. However, the emulsion properties and interactions between droplets at the microscale require further investigation. In this work, the interaction forces between two rice bran oil droplets stabilized by casein-chitosan complexes, with a diameter of 3 ± 0.1 μm (pH 5.54 and no-salt), were measured under different aqueous conditions (pH and ionic strength) using optical tweezers. The measured force curves exhibited consistency with the interfacial layer conformation and interfacial charge, as determined through fluorescence spectroscopy and zeta-potential analysis. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and structural evolution of the emulsions under varying environmental conditions. Our results provide a useful method for studying the interaction forces between Pickering emulsion droplets with pN force resolution and reveal the correlation between interfacial layer properties and physical stability, offering deep insights into the stabilization mechanism of Pickering emulsions.

Measuring interactions between Pickering emulsion droplets coated with casein-chitosan complex using optical tweezers.

T-cell lymphoma (TCL) is an aggressive malignancy with poor therapeutic outcomes, where glucocorticoid (GC) resistance remains a major challenge. Here, we identify TRIM24 as a critical regulator of GC receptor (GR) activity and a potential therapeutic target in TCL. TRIM24 deficiency delays TCL progression in murine models, suppresses cell proliferation, and enhances GC sensitivity by restoring GR transcriptional activity, as evidenced by transcriptomic and chromatin profiling. Mechanistically, TRIM24 interacts with Fused In Sarcoma (FUS) and promotes its liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with GR, leading to impaired GR activity and heightened GC resistance. Moreover, TRIM24 is overexpressed in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) samples, correlating with suppressed GR signaling and poor therapeutic response. These findings uncover an unrecognized "double-check" mechanism in which TRIM24 regulates nuclear GR function through FUS-facilitated LLPS. Importantly, targeting TRIM24 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy not only for overcoming GC resistance in TCL but also for addressing broader GR-dependent diseases.

TRIM24 promotes T-cell lymphoma development and glucocorticoid resistance via FUS-mediated phase separation of the glucocorticoid receptor.

Recent research on silver nanowires prepared on DNA templates has focused on two fundamental applications: nano-scale circuits and sensors. Despite their broad potential, the formation kinetics of silver implanted DNA nanowires remains unclear. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of the formation of silver nanowires with a diameter of 2.2 ± 0.4 nm at the single-molecule level through chemical reduction. We conducted equilibrium and perturbation kinetic experiments to measure force during the formation of Ag-DNA complexes and Ag-DNA complexes, using optical tweezers combined with microfluidics. The addition of AgNO resulted in an increase in force of 5.5-7.5 pN within 2 minutes, indicating that Ag compacts the DNA structure. In contrast, the addition of hydroquinone caused the force to decrease by 4-5 pN. Morphological characterization confirmed the presence of a dense structure formed by silver atoms bridging the DNA strands and revealed conformational differences before and after metallization. We compare our experimental data with Brownian dynamics simulations using a coarse-grained double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) model that provides insights into the dependency of the force on the persistence length.

Article	Year
Raman Spectroscopy of Emulsions and Emulsion Chemistry. Critical reviews in analytical chemistry\| PubMed ID: 37393560	2024
Raman Spectroscopy Monitoring of Duck Egg Brining Process. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 39682847	2024
Advances and applications of dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for single molecule studies. Nanoscale\| PubMed ID: 39745189	2025
Measuring interactions between Pickering emulsion droplets coated with casein-chitosan complex using optical tweezers. RSC advances\| PubMed ID: 40196823	2025
TRIM24 promotes T-cell lymphoma development and glucocorticoid resistance via FUS-mediated phase separation of the glucocorticoid receptor. Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy\| PubMed ID: 40513312	2025
Dynamics of ultrafine silver implanted DNA nanowire formation. Nanoscale\| PubMed ID: 40548572	2025

Huaizhou Jin

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