application-3d-printing-technology-microvascular-decompression-for

Application of 3D Printing Technology in Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia <em>via</em> Retrosigmoid Craniotomy

Retrosigmoid craniotomy is the preferred surgical approach for treating cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions, particularly for microvascular decompression ...

General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University

 Apigenin is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from . We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in this study using the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. BV2 cells were treated with apigenin for 1 h and then treated with LPS. The inflammatory cytokine productions were tested by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of GSK3β, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways were measured by western blot analysis. Apigenin significantly attenuated LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production. Apigenin suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, GSK3β, Nrf2, and HO-1 were concentration-dependently increased by apigenin. The suppression of apigenin on LPS-induced inflammatory response and NF-κB activation were prevented when Nrf2 was knocked out or by GSK3β inhibitor. Collectively, apigenin suppressed LPS-induced microglia activation via activating GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Apigenin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia through activating GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13) is an X-linked gene that encodes a protein involved in the glycosylation of the N-terminus. ALG13 deficiency leads to ALG13-congenital disorders of glycosylation (ALG13-CDG), usually in females presenting with mental retardation and epilepsy. Cognitive function is an important function of the hippocampus, and forms the basis for learning, memory and social abilities. However, researchers have not yet investigated the effect of ALG13 on hippocampal cognitive function. In this study, the exploration, learning, memory and social abilities of ALG13 knockout (KO) female mice were decreased in behavioral experiments. Golgi staining demonstrated a decrease in the complexity of hippocampal neurons. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining of the synaptic plasticity factors postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYP) displayed varying degrees of decline. In other words, the KO of ALG13 may have reduced the expression of PSD95 and SYP in the hippocampus of female mice. Moreover, it may have lowered the synaptic plasticity in various areas of the hippocampus, thus resulting in decreased dendrite length, complexity, and dendrite spine density, which affected the hippocampal function and reduced the cognitive function in female mice.

Decreased cognitive function of ALG13KO female mice may be related to the decreased plasticity of hippocampal neurons.

 To explore the effectiveness of different anti-seizure medications in preventing early and late post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). The efficacy, treatment-related side-effects, and mortality of the different treatments were compared using a ranking model to identify the optimal treatment.  A comprehensive literature search was performed using Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. All relevant published articles up to 10 March 2022 were evaluated. The quality of the extracted data was assessed using either the Cochrane risk of bias tool or the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The primary outcome measures were early or late post-traumatic seizures. The secondary outcome measures were mortality, treatment-related adverse effects, length of hospital stay, and length of stay within the intensive care unit (ICU).  A total of seven randomized controlled trials and 18 non-randomized controlled trials were included in this network meta-analysis. The trials included six interventions: Phenytoin (PHT)+phenobarbital (PB), levetiracetam (LEV), PHT, PHT-LEV, lacosamide (LCM), and valproate (VPA). All interventions except VPA significantly reduced the rate of early PTE in TBI patients compared with the placebo. Seven studies reported the impact of four treatments (PHT + PB, LEV, PHT, VPA) on late seizures and showed a significant reduction in the incidence of late seizures in patients with TBI compared with placebo. The impact of PHT, LEV, and VPA on mortality was reported in nine studies. PHT had no impact on mortality, but patients treated with both LEV and VPA had higher mortality than those treated with placebo. The treatment-related adverse effects of LEV, PHT, and LCM were reported in five studies. LEV and PHT had higher treatment-related adverse effects incidence than placebo, while LCM had no effect on treatment related-adverse effects.  LEV and PHT prevented early and late PTE. PHT also reduced the mortality rate in patients with TBI. Both LEV and PHT had higher treatment-related adverse effects compared with placebo. However, LEV had a slightly lower incidence of treatment-related adverse effects when compared with PHT. Compared with PHT, LEV did not reduce the length of hospital stay but shortened the length of ICU stays. Therefore, based on the findings of this meta-analysis, we speculate that LEV is the best treatment option for TBI patients. However, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.

Effectiveness of antiseizure medications therapy in preventing seizures in brain injury patients: A network meta-analysis.

 This network meta-analysis aimed to explore the effect of different drugs on mortality and neurological improvement in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to clarify which drug might be used as a more promising intervention for treating such patients by ranking.  We conducted a comprehensive search from PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from the establishment of the database to 31 January 2022. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The primary outcome measure was mortality in patients with TBI. The secondary outcome measures were the proportion of favorable outcomes and the occurrence of drug treatment-related side effects in patients with TBI in each drug treatment group. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata v16.0 and RevMan v5.3.0.  We included 30 randomized controlled trials that included 13 interventions (TXA, EPO, progesterone, progesterone + vitamin D, atorvastatin, beta-blocker therapy, Bradycor, Enoxaparin, Tracoprodi, dexanabinol, selenium, simvastatin, and placebo). The analysis revealed that these drugs significantly reduced mortality in patients with TBI and increased the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes after TBI compared with placebo. In terms of mortality after drug treatment, the order from the lowest to the highest was progesterone + vitamin D, beta-blocker therapy, EPO, simvastatin, Enoxaparin, Bradycor, Tracoprodi, selenium, atorvastatin, TXA, progesterone, dexanabinol, and placebo. In terms of the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes after drug treatment, the order from the highest to the lowest was as follows: Enoxaparin, progesterone + vitamin D, atorvastatin, simvastatin, Bradycor, EPO, beta-blocker therapy, progesterone, Tracoprodi, TXA, selenium, dexanabinol, and placebo. In addition, based on the classification of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores after each drug treatment, this study also analyzed the three aspects of good recovery, moderate disability, and severe disability. It involved 10 interventions and revealed that compared with placebo treatment, a higher proportion of patients had a good recovery and moderate disability after treatment with progesterone + vitamin D, Bradycor, EPO, and progesterone. Meanwhile, the proportion of patients with a severe disability after treatment with progesterone + vitamin D and Bradycor was also low.  The analysis of this study revealed that in patients with TBI, TXA, EPO, progesterone, progesterone + vitamin D, atorvastatin, beta-blocker therapy, Bradycor, Enoxaparin, Tracoprodi, dexanabinol, selenium, and simvastatin all reduced mortality and increased the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes in such patients compared with placebo. Among these, the progesterone + vitamin D had not only a higher proportion of patients with good recovery and moderate disability but also a lower proportion of patients with severe disability and mortality. However, whether this intervention can be used for clinical promotion still needs further exploration.

Effect of drug therapy on nerve repair of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: A network meta-analysis.

Until now, the treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain a difficult problem. The insula is involved in empathy and sensorimotor integration, which are often impaired in individuals with ASD. Deep brain stimulation, modulating neuronal activity in specific brain circuits, has recently been considered as a promising intervention for neuropsychiatric disorders. Valproic acid (VPA) is a potential teratogenic agent, and prenatal exposure can cause autism-like symptoms including repetitive behaviors and defective sociability. Herein, we investigated the effects of continuous high-frequency deep brain stimulation in the anterior insula of rats exposed to VPA and explored cognitive functions, behavior, and molecular proteins connected to autism spectrum disorder.

Continuous high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the anterior insula modulates autism-like behavior in a valproic acid-induced rat model.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease which has risen to become the main cause of childhood disability, placing a heavy burden on families and society. To date, the treatment of patients with ASD remains a complicated problem, for which neuromodulation techniques are a promising solution. This study analyzed the global research situation of neuromodulation techniques in the treatment of ASD from 1992 to 2022, aiming to explore the global research status and frontier trends in this field.

A bibliometric analysis of global research status and trends in neuromodulation techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

This study aims to systematically analyze the global trends in glioma methylation research using bibliometric methodologies. We focus on identifying the scholarly trajectory and key research interests, and we utilize these insights to predict future research directions within the epigenetic context of glioma.

Two decades of progress in glioma methylation research: the rise of temozolomide resistance and immunotherapy insights.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive and malignant central nervous system tumor with a median survival duration of 15 months despite multimodal therapy. The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) has been implicated in various cancers and is known to regulate RNA metabolism and alternative splicing (AS). However, its role in GBM remains unclear. Overexpression of IGF2BP2 led to significant alterations in gene expression, with 472 genes upregulated and 99 downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated enrichment in immune-related biological processes. Notably, IGF2BP2 was found to regulate AS events, with 1372 regulated AS genes (RASGs) and 2096 significantly distinct ASEs identified. Furthermore, IGF2BP2 selectively bound to 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) via GG[AU]C motifs, and IFIH1 was identified as a direct binding partner and upregulated gene upon IGF2BP2 overexpression. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that IGF2BP2 influences pathways related to RNA splicing and immune responses. Our findings demonstrate that IGF2BP2 plays a crucial role in GBM by modulating the transcriptome and AS events. The upregulation of immune-related genes and the regulation of AS by IGF2BP2 highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in GBM, particularly for immunotherapy. The study provides a foundation for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of IGF2BP2 in GBM and its implications for cancer treatment.

IGF2BP2 orchestrates global expression and alternative splicing profiles associated with glioblastoma development in U251 cells.

This network meta-analysis aims to explore the efficacy and safety of neuroprotective agents in patients with ischemic stroke and attempts to identify which drug is the most effective in improving outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) through a ranking method.

Efficacy analysis of neuroprotective drugs in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on network meta-analysis.

This study aimed to explore the effect of observation, microsurgery, and radiotherapy for patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS). We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library from their establishment to July 31, 2024. 34 non-RCTs and 1 RCT that included 6 interventions were analyzed. We found the MS, and different SRS all had better tumor local control rates. Regarding preserved hearing, the order from the highest to the lowest was FSRT 5 fractions, FSRT 3 fractions, SRS, ConFSRT, Observation, and MS. Regarding improvement in the rate of tinnitus, the order from the highest to the lowest was ConFSRT, FSRT 3 fractions, SRS, Observation, MS, and FSRT 5 fractions. In terms of improving the rate of disequilibrium/vertigo, the order from the highest to the lowest was SRS, Observation, FSRT 3 fractions, FSRT 5 fractions, MS, and ConFSRT. In terms of protection of the trigeminal nerve, the order from the highest to lowest was observation, SRS, ConFSRT, FSRT 3 fractions, FSRT 5 fractions, and MS. Lastly, in terms of protection of the facial nerve, the order from the highest to lowest was SRS, ConFSRT, Observation, FSRT 3 fractions, FSRT 5 fractions, and MS. In patients with VS, MS and radiosurgery showed better local tumor control rates; however, compared with MS, different SRS all provided better protection of nerve function and improved the symptoms of vestibular function and tinnitus, among which the best was SRS. Therefore, in these patients, SRS may be a promising alternative treatment.

Treatment options for unilateral vestibular schwannoma: a network meta-analysis.

Trephine syndrome and post-traumatic hydrocephalus are frequent complications following decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury. The recommended treatments for trephine syndrome and post-traumatic hydrocephalus include cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. However, There is no consensus on the priority of these two procedures. We describe the case of a 17-year-old adolescent who sustained a severe head injury in a traffic accident and underwent a right frontotemporal parietal craniectomy and contusionectomy to relieve brain herniation. The patient subsequently developed severe brain tissue collapse combined with low cranial pressure hydrocephalus. Given that prior cranioplasty could alleviate the direct pressure of external atmospheric pressure on the brain and enhance cerebrospinal fluid circulation, we prioritized cranioplasty for the patient. Following cranioplasty, the patient's cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased from 80 mmHg to 95 mmHg, indicating a slight elevation compared to the preoperative period. Additionally, the imaging revealed that the patient's brain tissue was no longer severely collapsed. From this case study, we believe that the criteria for surgical sequence in patients with severe flap collapse associated with hydrocephalus should be further research, and such patients should be identified early and intervened early should be performed through outpatient follow-up in clinical practice.

Effect of priority cranioplasty on post-traumatic hydrocephalus with severe collapse of brain tissue: A case report.

Our group aimed to explore the effect of different dosages of citicoline on ischemic stroke (IS) patients and determine the most appropriate dosage for these patients.

The efficacy of different doses of citicoline in improving the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke based on network meta-analysis.

Glioma stands as one of the most lethal brain tumors in humans, and its accurate diagnosis is critical for patient treatment and prognosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been widely utilized for glioma diagnosis and research due to its non-invasive nature and clinical accessibility. According to the 2021 World Health Organization Central Nervous System Tumor Classification guidelines, glioma subtypes can be determined through molecular status information of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH), Chromosome 1p/19q codeletion (1p/19q), and Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X-linked (ATRX) genes.

Article	Year
Apigenin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia through activating GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology\| PubMed ID: 31760890	2020
Decreased cognitive function of ALG13KO female mice may be related to the decreased plasticity of hippocampal neurons. Neuropeptides\| PubMed ID: 36152356	2022
Effectiveness of antiseizure medications therapy in preventing seizures in brain injury patients: A network meta-analysis. Frontiers in pharmacology\| PubMed ID: 36188582	2022
Effect of drug therapy on nerve repair of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: A network meta-analysis. Frontiers in pharmacology\| PubMed ID: 36408253	2022
Continuous high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the anterior insula modulates autism-like behavior in a valproic acid-induced rat model. Journal of translational medicine\| PubMed ID: 36474209	2022
A bibliometric analysis of global research status and trends in neuromodulation techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. BMC psychiatry\| PubMed ID: 36941549	2023
Two decades of progress in glioma methylation research: the rise of temozolomide resistance and immunotherapy insights. Frontiers in neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 39286478	2024
IGF2BP2 orchestrates global expression and alternative splicing profiles associated with glioblastoma development in U251 cells. Translational oncology\| PubMed ID: 39515086	2025
Efficacy analysis of neuroprotective drugs in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on network meta-analysis. Frontiers in pharmacology\| PubMed ID: 39575393	2024
Treatment options for unilateral vestibular schwannoma: a network meta-analysis. BMC cancer\| PubMed ID: 39627752	2024
Effect of priority cranioplasty on post-traumatic hydrocephalus with severe collapse of brain tissue: A case report. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 40061931	2025
The efficacy of different doses of citicoline in improving the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke based on network meta-analysis. Frontiers in pharmacology\| PubMed ID: 40255575	2025
MDPNet: a dual-path parallel fusion network for multi-modal MRI glioma genotyping. Frontiers in oncology\| PubMed ID: 40458732	2025

Xianhao Huo

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