application-3d-printing-technology-microvascular-decompression-for

Application of 3D Printing Technology in Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia <em>via</em> Retrosigmoid Craniotomy

Retrosigmoid craniotomy is the preferred surgical approach for treating cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions, particularly for microvascular decompression ...

General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University

Per1 and Per2 play a key role in regulating the circadian rhythm in mammals. We report here that although both genes were expressed with a circadian rhythm in glioma and normal brain tissue in rats, their expression profiles differed in the two types of tissue. In addition, high expression of Per1 and Per2 in glioma tissue was associated with increased sensitivity to x-irradiation. No such sensitizing effect was observed in normal tissue. Our results suggest that Per1 and Per2 expression may increase the efficacy of radiotherapy against glioma by promoting apoptosis.

Circadian genes Per1 and Per2 increase radiosensitivity of glioma in vivo.

The Period2 (Per2) gene is an essential component of the mammalian circadian clock and is strongly linked to glioma occurrence and its response to radiotherapy. Here, we examined the role of Per2 in the response to X-ray-induced DNA damage in U343 glioma cells and in a mouse cancer model. Following low dose X-ray irradiation, we observed that lowering Per2 expression using RNAi reduces DNA damage and cell death in U343 cells and glioma tissue. Additionally, Per2 was associated with increased TP53 activity and was involved in the DNA damage during TP53-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that Per2, a core circadian gene, is not only a tumor suppressor gene but can also be regarded as an upstream regulator of TP53. It thus appears that Per2 is an important inhibitor of tumor growth that acts by increasing TP53 expression, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis.

Period2 downregulation inhibits glioma cell apoptosis by activating the MDM2-TP53 pathway.

In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), whether sleep disorder is associated with disturbances in molecular rhythmicity is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal sleep and regulation by circadian rhythms in patients with TBI.

Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes on Sleep Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Long intergenic non-coding RNA for kinase activation (LINK-A) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been characterized in triple negative breast cancer, but its potential involvement in glioma has not been investigated. In the present study, serum levels of LINK-A lncRNA and survivin in patients with glioma and healthy controls were determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The diagnostic value of serum LINK-A lncRNA for glioma was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Potential correlations between serum levels of LINK-A lncRNA and survivin were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. LINK-A lncRNA siRNA, LINK-A lncRNA-carrying expression vector and survivin-carrying expression vector were transfected into glioma cells, and the effects on LINK-A lncRNA expression, survivin expression and cell apoptosis were explored by RT-qPCR, western blot analysis and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. It was observed that the serum levels of LINK-A lncRNA and survivin were significantly higher in patients with glioma compared with healthy controls. Increased levels of LINK-A lncRNA distinguished glioma patients from healthy controls, based on ROC curve analysis. Serum levels of LINK-A lncRNA and survivin were positively correlated in glioma patients, but not in healthy controls. Overexpression of LINK-A lncRNA led to increased survivin protein expression, while survivin overexpression had no effect on LINK-A lncRNA expression. LINK-A lncRNA and survivin overexpression each reduced glioma cell apoptosis, but LINK-A lncRNA siRNA-mediated knockdown increased apoptosis. Survivin overexpression attenuated the inducing effects of LINK-A lncRNA knockdown on apoptosis. In conclusion, LINK-A lncRNA inhibited glioma cell apoptosis potentially by the upregulation of survivin. The present study revealed that LINK-A may serve as possible diagnostic marker for glioma.

LINK-A lncRNA participates in the pathogenesis of glioma by interacting with survivin.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disease for which an accurate, cost-effective prediction of motor function recovery is in pressing need. A plethora of neurochemical changes involved in the pathophysiological process of SCI may serve as a new source of biomarkers for patient outcomes. Five dogs were included in this study. We characterized the plasma cytokine profiles in acute phase (0, 1, and 3 days after SCI) and subacute phase (7, 14, and 21 days after SCI) with microarray analysis. The motor function recovery following SCI was monitored by Olby scores. The expression level of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, correlations with the Olby scores and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were performed. We identified 12 DEPs including 10 pro-inflammatory and 2 anti-inflammatory cytokines during the 21-day study period. Among those, the expression levels of erythropoietin (EPO), IL-17A, and IFNγ significantly correlated with the Olby scores with R values of 0.870, 0.740, and 0.616, respectively. The results of the ROC analysis suggested that plasma EPO, IL-17A, and IFNγ exhibited a significant predictive power with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.656, 0.848, and 0.800 for EPO, IL-17A, and IFNγ, respectively. Our results provide a longitudinal description of the changes in plasma cytokine expression in the acute and subacute stages of canine SCI. These data reveal novel panels of inflammation-related cytokines which have the potential to be evaluated as biomarkers for predicting motor function prognosis after SCI.

Plasma Erythropoietin, IL-17A, and IFNγ as Potential Biomarkers of Motor Function Recovery in a Canine Model of Spinal Cord Injury.

Glioblastoma is a highly malignant tumor that contains stem‑like cells known as glioma stem cells (GSCs), which lare associated with an increased risk of glioma occurrence, recurrence and poor prognosis. Circadian clock gene, period circadian clock 2 (PER2) expression has been revealed to be inhibited in various types of cancer. However, the precise role and potential mechanisms of PER2 in GSCs remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that PER2 mRNA and protein expression was downregulated in GSCs compared with non‑stem glioma cells, which indicated that PER2 could be involved in the malignant process of glioma. Furthermore, functional studies revealed that PER2 overexpression could induce GSC arrest at the G0/G1 phase and suppress their proliferation, stemness and invasion ability in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway was identified as the target of PER2 in GSCs. These results indicated that PER2 plays a critical role in regulating the stemness of GSCs and provides a novel therapeutic target to overcome the effects of GSCs.

PER2 inhibits proliferation and stemness of glioma stem cells via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common cause of disability, which often leads to sensorimotor cortex dysfunction above the spinal injury site. However, the cerebral regional effects on metabolic information after SCI have been little studied. Here, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into acute and chronic treatment groups and sham groups with day-matched periods. The Basso, Beatte, and Bresnahan scores method were utilized to evaluate the changes in behaviors during the recovery of the animals, and the metabolic information was measured with the  H-observed/ C-edited NMR method. Total metabolic concentrations in every region were almost similar in both treated groups. However, the metabolic kinetics in most regions in the acute group were significantly altered (P < .05), particularly in the cortical area, thalamus and medulla (P < .01). After long-term recovery, some metabolic kinetics were recovered, especially in the temporal cortex, occipital cortex, and medulla. The metabolic kinetic changes revealed the alteration of metabolism and neurotransmission in different brain regions after SCI, which present evidence for the alternation of brain glucose oxidation. Therefore, this shows the significant influence of SCI on cerebral function and neuroscience research. This study also provides the theoretical basis for clinical therapy after SCI, such as mitochondrial transplantation.

Regional cerebral metabolic levels and turnover in awake rats after acute or chronic spinal cord injury.

Polydatin has been used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in the regulation of neuroinflammation has not been reported. In this study, we designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of polydatin in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells.

Polydatin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia by disrupting the formation of lipid rafts.

This study investigates whether people with sleep disorders following traumatic brain injury exhibit altered intestinal flora. The changes may allow us to gain a better understanding of the role of intestinal flora in patients with sleep disorders after traumatic brain injury, which may give us insights into curing the sleep disorder after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Regulation of sleep disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury by intestinal flora based on the background of brain-gut axis.

High-grade glioma (HGG) patients frequently encounter treatment resistance and relapse, despite numerous interventions seeking enhanced survival outcomes yielding limited success. Consequently, this study, rooted in our prior research, aimed to ascertain whether leveraging circadian rhythm phase attributes could optimize radiotherapy results.

Clinical analysis of the efficacy of radiation therapy for primary high-grade gliomas guided by biological rhythms.

Trephine syndrome and post-traumatic hydrocephalus are frequent complications following decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury. The recommended treatments for trephine syndrome and post-traumatic hydrocephalus include cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. However, There is no consensus on the priority of these two procedures. We describe the case of a 17-year-old adolescent who sustained a severe head injury in a traffic accident and underwent a right frontotemporal parietal craniectomy and contusionectomy to relieve brain herniation. The patient subsequently developed severe brain tissue collapse combined with low cranial pressure hydrocephalus. Given that prior cranioplasty could alleviate the direct pressure of external atmospheric pressure on the brain and enhance cerebrospinal fluid circulation, we prioritized cranioplasty for the patient. Following cranioplasty, the patient's cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased from 80 mmHg to 95 mmHg, indicating a slight elevation compared to the preoperative period. Additionally, the imaging revealed that the patient's brain tissue was no longer severely collapsed. From this case study, we believe that the criteria for surgical sequence in patients with severe flap collapse associated with hydrocephalus should be further research, and such patients should be identified early and intervened early should be performed through outpatient follow-up in clinical practice.

Article	Year
Circadian genes Per1 and Per2 increase radiosensitivity of glioma in vivo. Oncotarget\| PubMed ID: 25760074	2015
Period2 downregulation inhibits glioma cell apoptosis by activating the MDM2-TP53 pathway. Oncotarget\| PubMed ID: 27036047	2016
Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes on Sleep Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. World neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 31252075	2019
LINK-A lncRNA participates in the pathogenesis of glioma by interacting with survivin. Experimental and therapeutic medicine\| PubMed ID: 31410112	2019
Plasma Erythropoietin, IL-17A, and IFNγ as Potential Biomarkers of Motor Function Recovery in a Canine Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN\| PubMed ID: 32418163	2020
PER2 inhibits proliferation and stemness of glioma stem cells via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Oncology reports\| PubMed ID: 32468039	2020
Regional cerebral metabolic levels and turnover in awake rats after acute or chronic spinal cord injury. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology\| PubMed ID: 32592196	2020
Polydatin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia by disrupting the formation of lipid rafts. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology\| PubMed ID: 33509007	2021
Regulation of sleep disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury by intestinal flora based on the background of brain-gut axis. Frontiers in neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 36303945	2022
Clinical analysis of the efficacy of radiation therapy for primary high-grade gliomas guided by biological rhythms. Translational oncology\| PubMed ID: 38705052	2024
Effect of priority cranioplasty on post-traumatic hydrocephalus with severe collapse of brain tissue: A case report. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 40061931	2025

Zhanfeng Niu

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