mechanism-san-jie-tong-mai-fang-atherosclerosis-attenuation-jakstat

Mechanism of San Jie Tong Mai Fang in Atherosclerosis Attenuation by JAK/STAT-mediated Inhibition of Macrophage M1 Polarization

Macrophage polarization influences the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment by driving inflammatory responses, with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway ...

exploring-mechanism-san-jie-tong-mai-formula-against-atherosclerosis

Exploring the Mechanism of San Jie Tong Mai Formula Against Atherosclerosis via Network Pharmacology and Proteomics

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of San Jie Tong Mai Formula (SJTMF) against atherosclerosis (AS), a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. ...

the Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine

To investigate the effect of Xuan Bi Tong Yu Fang (XBTYF) on angiogenesis via the vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) Notch1/delta-like 4 (Dll4) pathway. . Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, sham-operated, myocardial ischemia model, and XBTYF treatment at 3.2, 1.6, and 0.8 g/kg. Electrocardiography was performed to evaluate the successful establishment of the model. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to observe the morphology and mitochondrial structure in myocardial cells, respectively. TUNEL staining was performed to assess the degree of cell apoptosis. The expression of VEGF-A, Notch1, Dll4, Bcl2, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 9, and cytochrome-c (Cyt-c) was observed by western blot.

Xuan Bi Tong Yu Fang Promotes Angiogenesis via VEGF-Notch1/Dll4 Pathway in Myocardial Ischemic Rats.

Premature ventricular contractions are the most common type of arrhythmia. The clinical symptoms are mainly palpitations. In severe cases, syncope, angina pectoris and heart failure may occur, which seriously affect people's lives and ability to work. Antiarrhythmic drugs have many side effects and should not be taken for long periods. Acupuncture has a significant effect on the treatment of premature ventricular contractions. Therefore, to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions, we conducted this study, with the goal of providing a scientific methodology for this alternative treatment.

Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

We have previously reported that flavonoid extract from propolis (FP) can improve cardiac function in rats following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotective effects of FP have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we explored whether FP can reduce inflammatory cytokines and attenuate sympathetic nerve system activity and antiendoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and whether the cardioprotective effects are related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-) activation. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham group received the surgical procedure but no artery was ligated; MI group received ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the coronary artery; MI + FP group received FP (12.5 mg/kg/d, intragastrically) seven days prior to LAD ligation; FP group (Sham group + 12.5 mg/kg/d, intragastrically); MI + FP + GW9662 group received FP prior to LAD ligation with the addition of a specific PPAR- inhibitor (GW9662), 1 mg/kg/d, orally); and MI + GW9662 group received the PPAR- inhibitor and LAD ligation. The results demonstrated that the following inflammatory markers were significantly elevated following MI as compared with expression in sham animals: IL-1, TNF-, CRP; markers of sympathetic activation: plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and GAP43, nerve growth factor, thyroid hormone; and ER stress response markers GRP78 and CHOP. Notably, the above changes were attenuated by FP, and GW9662 was able to alleviate the effect of FP. In conclusion, FP induces a cardioprotective effect following myocardial infarction by activating PPAR-, leading to less inflammation, cardiac sympathetic activity, and ER stress.

Flavonoid Extract from Propolis Provides Cardioprotection following Myocardial Infarction by Activating PPAR-.

Many studies have confirmed that macrophage autophagy injury negatively impacts the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Meanwhile, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway affects AS progression by regulating macrophage autophagy. We previously reported that the herbal formula San Jie Tong Mai Fang (SJTMF) elicits lipid regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, the current study used an ApoE -/- high-fat diet-fed mouse model to determine whether SJTMF elicits protective effects against AS progression by means of the regulation of macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our results show that SJTMF reduced the number of atherosclerotic plaques, foam cell formation, and intimal thickness in mouse aorta. In addition, SJTMF improved blood lipid metabolism and inflammatory levels in mice. We also observed that SJTMF caused macrophages to be polarized toward the M2 phenotype through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the abundances of LC3-II/I and beclin1 proteins-key autophagy molecules-were increased, whereas that of p62 was decreased, resulting in the promotion of macrophage autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that SJTMF may regulate the polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby reducing atherosclerotic plaque damage in ApoE -/- mice, thereby promoting macrophage autophagy and eliciting a significant antiarteriosclerosis effect. Hence, SJTMF may represent a promising new candidate drug for the treatment of AS.

San Jie Tong Mai Fang Protects Against Atherosclerosis Progression by Regulating Macroautophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in understanding cardiovascular health. Significant barriers still exist in effectively preventing and managing these diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are crucial for maintaining vascular integrity and can switch between contractile and synthetic functions in response to stimuli such as hypoxia and inflammation. These transformations play a pivotal role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, facilitating vascular modifications and disease advancement. This article synthesizes the current understanding of the mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating VSMC phenotypic transitions, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease interventions.

Elucidating VSMC phenotypic transition mechanisms to bridge insights into cardiovascular disease implications.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains an enigmatic myocardial disorder characterized either by enlargement of either the left or right ventricle or both and reduced contractility, posing a significant burden on pediatric populations as a leading cause of cardiac-related mortality and morbidity. This paper presents a compelling case of DCM in a Han Chinese child whose genomic analysis unveiled a novel LMNA-C.185G>C (p.Arg62Pro) variant. Over a meticulous 3-year clinical follow-up, spanning ten outpatient consultations and hospital admissions since the initial diagnosis, the patient exhibited a progressive emergence of various cardiac conduction anomalies closely mirroring LMNA-associated phenotypes. Delving into a comprehensive review of the patient's 14-year medical journey and familial history, antecedent signs of muscular dystrophy (MD) predated DCM onset. Familial scrutiny revealed a lineage marred by muscular atrophy, with the patient's maternal grandmother having a history of muscular dystrophy and an episode of DCM, necessitating cardiac transplantation in the patient's uncle at age 37. This scenario illuminates the intricate interplay between LMNA-associated diseases and genetic predisposition. Timely identification of etiological triggers stands paramount in DCM management. Beyond conventional genetic scrutiny, leveraging novel serum biomarkers such as anti-heart muscle antibodies (AHA) remarkably enhanced diagnostic precision. Notably, personalized therapeutic interventions comprising prednisolone regimens and intravenous immunoglobulin infusions precipitated marked amelioration in heart failure symptoms and serum biomarker profiles. It is noteworthy to identify this novel genetic locus within the Han Chinese populace, underscoring the imperative of expanding the LMNA mutation repository within this demographic cohort. Early recognition of clinical manifestations and etiological cues in pediatric DCM heralds a paradigm shift in risk prognostication and individualized therapeutic interventions, underscoring the profound significance of precision medicine in combating rare familial cardiomyopathies.

A case report of a rare genetic mutation (LMNA-C.185G>C, p.Arg62Pro) associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in a Han Chinese child.

We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of three antidiabetic drug classes-SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and sulfonylureas-in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by heart failure (HF). We focused on their differential effects on both cardiovascular outcomes (e.g., heart failure biomarkers and cardiac function) and metabolic outcomes (e.g., glycemic control and body weight), aiming to determine whether the newer agents offer superior cardiometabolic benefits. A network meta-analysis was conducted to integrate available evidence and compare all interventions simultaneously.

Evaluation of three mechanisms of action (SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and sulfonylureas) in treating type 2 diabetes with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs.

 The estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), derived from age and mean blood pressure (MBP) in accordance with the Reference Values of Arterial Stiffness Collaboration, has emerged as a novel alternative indicator for assessing arterial stiffness. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the correlation of ePWV with the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality.

Association of estimated pulse wave velocity with cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause death-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. Globally, the morbidity and mortality of HF are still on the rise, especially in elderly individuals, and the low 5-year survival rate of HF is a major social and health management problem. The pathogenesis of heart failure involves genetic factors and persistent cardiac inflammation. Genetic factors typically increase a patient's susceptibility to specific diseases. Notably, persistent cardiac inflammation is also a significant contributor to heart failure. Whether it is spontaneous aseptic inflammation of the heart or inflammation caused by infection, both can lead to excessive activation of the immune system, thereby triggering adverse cardiac remodeling. This review focuses on describing the inflammatory/immune activation mechanisms involved in heart failure and explores targeted drugs for inflammatory/immune activation. Additionally, we focused on the NLRP3 inflammasome (a cellular signaling protein complex), whose excessive activation produces large number of inflammatory factors, including IL-1β and IL-18, ultimately leading to persistent inflammation and excessive immune activation in the myocardium, which in turn triggers myocardial cell death and adverse remodeling. We have revealed the pathogenic role of NLRP3 in heart failure, providing a theoretical basis for further research into heart failure.

Inflammatory mechanisms and targeted drugs in heart failure.

This network meta-analysis evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of catheter ablation (CA), rhythm control (RhC), rate control (RC), and combined rhythm and rate control (Rh + RC) in patients with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), focusing on key outcomes including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), mortality, hospitalization, AF recurrence, quality of life assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and adverse events.

Network meta-analysis of catheter ablation, rhythm control, and rate control strategies in atrial fibrillation with heart failure impact on mortality, cardiac function, and quality of life.

ArticleTotal : 2	Year
Publication title	2025
Publication title	2026

Article	Year
Xuan Bi Tong Yu Fang Promotes Angiogenesis via VEGF-Notch1/Dll4 Pathway in Myocardial Ischemic Rats. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM\| PubMed ID: 32089723	2020
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine\| PubMed ID: 34871256	2021
Flavonoid Extract from Propolis Provides Cardioprotection following Myocardial Infarction by Activating PPAR-. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM\| PubMed ID: 35928246	2022
San Jie Tong Mai Fang Protects Against Atherosclerosis Progression by Regulating Macroautophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology\| PubMed ID: 37506377	2023
Elucidating VSMC phenotypic transition mechanisms to bridge insights into cardiovascular disease implications. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine\| PubMed ID: 38803664	2024
A case report of a rare genetic mutation (LMNA-C.185G>C, p.Arg62Pro) associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in a Han Chinese child. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine\| PubMed ID: 39390987	2024
Evaluation of three mechanisms of action (SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and sulfonylureas) in treating type 2 diabetes with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-a... Frontiers in endocrinology\| PubMed ID: 40556828	2025
Association of estimated pulse wave velocity with cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause death-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine\| PubMed ID: 41035700	2025
Inflammatory mechanisms and targeted drugs in heart failure. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)\| PubMed ID: 41449946	2026
Network meta-analysis of catheter ablation, rhythm control, and rate control strategies in atrial fibrillation with heart failure impact on mortality, cardiac function, and quality of life. Frontiers in medicine\| PubMed ID: 41809653	2025

Aidong Liu

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