in-vivo-whole-cell-patch-clamp-recording-hypothalamic-peptidergic

<em>In Vivo</em> Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recording of Hypothalamic Peptidergic Neurons in Larval Zebrafish

The hypothalamus is an ancient brain region that regulates diverse aspects of physiology and behavior, including sleep and wakefulness, appetite, energy ...

Shanghai University

California Institute of Technology

Retinal waves, the spontaneous patterned neural activities propagating among developing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), instruct the activity-dependent refinement of visuotopic maps. Although it is known that the wave is initiated successively by amacrine cells and bipolar cells, the behavior and function of glia in retinal waves remain unclear. Using multiple in vivo methods in larval zebrafish, we found that Müller glial cells (MGCs) display wave-like spontaneous activities, which start at MGC processes within the inner plexiform layer, vertically spread to their somata and endfeet, and horizontally propagate into neighboring MGCs. MGC waves depend on glutamatergic signaling derived from bipolar cells. Moreover, MGCs express both glia-specific glutamate transporters and the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors. The AMPA receptors mediate MGC calcium activities during retinal waves, whereas the glutamate transporters modulate the occurrence of retinal waves. Thus, MGCs can sense and regulate retinal waves via AMPA receptors and glutamate transporters, respectively.

Müller Glial Cells Participate in Retinal Waves via Glutamate Transporters and AMPA Receptors.

As one of the foundations of existential positive psychology, self-transcendence can bring positive intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes, especially in the COVID-19 era in which people are suffering huge mental stress. Based on Schwartz's theory of human basic values, the current study combines variable-centered and person-centered approaches to examine the relationships between adolescents' values and mental health across two regions in China. The results generally showed that (1) both self-enhancement and conservation values were positively correlated with depression and loneliness, while both self-transcendence and openness to change values negatively correlated with depression and loneliness. The results also showed that (2) there were four value clusters (i.e., ), and, compared to adolescents in the  and  values cluster, all adolescents in the  values cluster reported lower depression and loneliness, while all adolescents in the  values cluster reported higher depression and loneliness. The differences between the two regional groups only emerged in depression. Specifically, adolescents in Shanghai have higher levels of depression than adolescents in Qingdao. This study provides some evidence for the new science of self-transcendence among adolescents and also sheds light on how we may improve the level of mental health during the COVID-19 era.

Article	Year
Müller Glial Cells Participate in Retinal Waves via Glutamate Transporters and AMPA Receptors. Cell reports\| PubMed ID: 31167134	2019
The Benefits of Self-Transcendence: Examining the Role of Values on Mental Health Among Adolescents Across Regions in China. Frontiers in psychology\| PubMed ID: 33679555	2021

Rongwei Zhang

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