enhanced-photosynthesis-water-use-efficiency-transgenic-sugarcane

Enhanced Photosynthesis and Water-Use Efficiency in Transgenic Sugarcane Expressing Arabidopsis <em>DREB1A</em> Under Drought Stress

Drought stress imposes a critical limitation on sugarcane productivity, thereby necessitating the development of stress-resilient cultivars for ...

Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS)

 species show varying levels of resistance to salt stress. To understand the genetics underlying these differential stress tolerance patterns in Brassicas, we exposed two widely cultivated amphidiploid  species having different genomes,  (AABB,  = 18) and  (AACC,  = 19), to elevated levels of NaCl concentration (300 mM, half the salinity of seawater).  produced more biomass, an increased chlorophyll content, and fewer accumulated sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions in its photosynthesizing tissues. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays revealed that the reaction centers of PSII of  were more photoprotected and hence more active than those of  under NaCl stress, which, in turn, resulted in a better PSII quantum efficiency, better utilization of photochemical energy with significantly reduced energy loss, and higher electron transport rates, even under stressful conditions. The expression of key genes responsible for salt tolerance ( and , which are nuclear-encoded) and photosynthesis (, , , and , which are chloroplast-encoded) were monitored for their genetic differences underlying stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the expression of , , and  increased several folds in  plants compared to , highlighting differences in genetics between these two Brassicas. The higher photosynthetic potential under stress suggests that  is a promising candidate for genetic modifications and its cultivation on marginal lands.

Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas.

 crops are well known for the accumulation of glucosinolates-secondary metabolites crucial for plants' adaptation to various stresses. Glucosinolates also functioning as defence compounds pose challenges to food quality due to their goitrogenic properties. Their disruption leaves plants susceptible to insect pests and diseases. Hence, a targeted reduction in seed glucosinolate content is of paramount importance to increase food acceptance.  () present a promising avenue for selectively reducing glucosinolate concentrations in seeds while preserving biosynthesis elsewhere. In this study, 54 putative GTR protein sequences found in  were retrieved, employing Arabidopsis GTR1 and GTR2 templates. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, encompassing gene structure organization, domain analysis, motif assessments, promoter analysis, and cis-regulatory elements, affirmed the existence of transporter domains and stress-related regulatory elements. Phylogenetic analysis revealed patterns of conservation and divergence across species. Glucosinolates have been shown to increase under stress conditions, indicating a potential role in stress response. To elucidate the role of GTRs in glucosinolate transportation under NaCl stress in two distinct  species,  and , plants were subjected to 0, 100, or 200 mM NaCl. Based on the literature, key  genes were chosen and their expression across various plant parts was assessed. Both species displayed divergent trends in their biochemical profiles as well as glucosinolate contents under elevated salt stress conditions. Statistical modelling identified significant contributors to glucosinolate variations, guiding the development of targeted breeding strategies for low-glucosinolate varieties. Notably,  exhibited pronounced expressions in stems, contributing approximately 52% to glucosinolate content variance, while  displayed significant expression in flowers. Additionally,  and  demonstrated noteworthy expression in roots. This study enhances our understanding of glucosinolate regulation under stress conditions, offering avenues to improve  crop quality and resilience.

Article	Year
Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 37514204	2023
Studying Salt-Induced Shifts in Gene Expression Patterns of Glucosinolate Transporters and Glucosinolate Accumulation in Two Contrasting Species. Metabolites\| PubMed ID: 38668307	2024

Muhammad Omar Khan

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