cholesterol-stearamide-mediate-lymphocyte-apoptosis-cytokine

Cholesterol and Stearamide Mediate Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Cytokine Secretion in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Alterations in serum metabolite composition have been increasingly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet the direct effects of these ...

Anhui University of Science & Technology

Microactuators, which can transform external stimuli into mechanical motion at microscale, have attracted extensive attention because they can be used to construct microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and/or microrobots, resulting in extensive applications in a large number of fields such as noninvasive surgery, targeted delivery, and biomedical machines. In contrast to classical 2D MEMS devices, 3D microactuators provide a new platform for the research of stimuli-responsive functional devices. However, traditional planar processing techniques based on photolithography are inadequate in the construction of 3D microstructures. To solve this issue, researchers have proposed many strategies, among which 3D laser printing is becoming a prospective technique to create smart devices at the microscale because of its versatility, adjustability, and flexibility. Here, we review the recent progress in stimulus-responsive 3D microactuators fabricated with 3D laser printing depending on different stimuli. Then, an outlook of the design, fabrication, control, and applications of 3D laser-printed microactuators is propounded with the goal of providing a reference for related research.

Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review.

In this study the potential of liposomes as a vitamin E (VE) and β-carotene (βC) delivery system was examined. The co-encapsulated liposomes of βC and VE (L-VE-βC) were prepared and characterized. Their antioxidant properties were evaluated by free radical scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation assay. The in vitro sustained release behaviour was then investigated and discussed.

Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and in vitro sustained release behaviour of co-encapsulated liposomes as vehicle for vitamin E and β-carotene.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated essential oils (MEO) on the laying performance, egg quality, immunity, intestinal morphology, and oxidative status of laying hens. A total of 640 Hy-line Brown laying hens, 41 wk of age, were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 8 replicates containing 20 birds per replicate. The dietary conditions tested included a basal diet (Control) or the basal diet supplemented with various levels of MEO at 100 mg/kg (MEO100), 300 mg/kg (MEO300), and 500 mg/kg (MEO500). The three treatment groups were intermittently fed MEO, following an alternating schedule of 1 wk on and 1 wk off for a total of 56 d. Results showed that feeding MEO at levels of 300 and 500 mg/kg improved both egg production and feed conversion ratios compared to the control group. Hens consumed MEO-supplemented diets exhibited a significant decrease in the breaking egg ratio (P < 0.05) compared to those fed the control diet. Shell thickness and Haugh unit values significantly increased in the groups receiving 300 and 500 mg/kg of MEO (P < 0.05). Both the MEO300 and MEO500 treatments led to improvements in immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-γ) levels in serum. Hens in the MEO300 and MEO500 groups exhibited higher values for parameters related to intestinal morphometry compared to the control group. Furthermore, supplementation with 300 and 500 mg/kg of MEO enhanced the antioxidant capacity of plasma, as evidenced by increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and catalase (CAT) (P < 0.05). In summary, the intermittent feeding of MEO improved egg production, enhanced antioxidative processes, immune functions, and intestinal morphology, leading to an amelioration in the egg quality of laying hens. Our data demonstrate that supplementation of 300 mg/kg of MEO in feed can significantly improve animal health and egg quality. Implementation of these feeding practices could have a positive economic impact on poultry and egg industry.

Research Note: Effects of the intermittent feeding of microencapsulation essential oil on laying performance, egg quality, immune response, intestinal morphology, and oxidation status of laying hens.

Spatial proteomics is a multidimensional technique that studies the spatial distribution and function of proteins within cells or tissues across both spatial and temporal dimensions. This field multidimensionally reveals the complex structure of the human proteome, including the characteristics of protein spatial distribution, dynamic protein translocation, and protein interaction networks. Recently, as a crucial method for studying protein spatial localization, spatial proteomics has been applied in the clinical investigation of various diseases. This review summarizes the fundamental concepts and characteristics of tissue-level spatial proteomics, its research progress in common human diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and anticipates its future development trends. The aim is to highlight the significant impact of spatial proteomics on understanding disease pathogenesis, advancing diagnostic methods, and developing potential therapeutic targets in clinical research.

Spatial proteomics: unveiling the multidimensional landscape of protein localization in human diseases.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a typical autoimmune disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis and a strong genetic predisposition. The study of inflammatory response in SLE monocytes is not very clear, and exploring the inflammatory factors of monocytes is beneficial to discover new diagnostic targets.

scRNA-seq reveals involvement of monocytes in immune response in SLE patients.

Liver cirrhosis represents a critical stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by progressive liver damage, cellular dysfunction, and disrupted cell-to-cell interactions. Glycosylation, an essential post-translational modification, significantly influences cellular behavior and disease progression. Its role in cirrhosis at the single-cell level remains unclear, despite its importance.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and functional analysis reveal the role of altered glycosylation levels of hepatic macrophages in liver cirrhosis.

To explore SLE staging markers, we analyzed eccDNA in plasma using circular sequencing, comparing healthy controls (HC), active SLE (ASLE), and inactive SLE (ISLE) patients. We found higher eccDNA levels and lower GC content in ASLE and ISLE compared to healthy controls, with a negative correlation between GC content and anti-daDNA, C3, and C4 levels in SLE and HC samples. Differential expression of exon-derived eccGenes in ASLE and ISLE suggests their role in SLE development, with KEGG analysis showing enrichment in SLE-related pathways for these differentially expressed genes. By protein-protein interactions network analysis we found 9 exon-derived eccGenes that were significantly differentially expressed and scored high in both ISLE-HC and ASLE-ISLE as diagnostic criteria for differentiating different disease stages of SLE. In conclusion, the present study reveals that eccDNA length GC content as well as chromosomal distribution in ASLE, ISLE and HC suggests that with eccDNA is associated with the creation of SLE, suggesting GC count of eccDNA as a diagnostic marker for systemic lupus erythematosus. Significant changes in the abundance of eccDNA-related genes from exons such as SOS1, GAD2, BCL11B, PPT1, and GCNT3 were observed in ISLE as compared to ASLE and HC groups and were significantly correlated with SLEDAI-2K. This suggests that these exon-derived eccGenes may play a role in the development and progression of the disease. Consequently, the abundance levels of these exon-derived eccGenes could potentially assist in distinguishing different stages of SLE, beyond a confirmed diagnosis, thus serving as possible biomarkers for the condition.

Comprehensive analysis of eccDNA characteristics and associated genes expression in peripheral blood of ASLE and ISLE patients.

Phosphoproteomics, an advanced branch of molecular biology, utilizes specific techniques such as mass spectrometry, affinity chromatography, and bioinformatics analysis to explore protein phosphorylation, shedding light on the cellular mechanisms that drive various biological processes. This field has become instrumental in advancing our understanding of renal diseases, from identifying underlying mechanisms to pinpointing new therapeutic targets.

Applications and prospects of phosphoproteomics in renal disease research.

The brain is the core of the central nervous system, responsible for regulating and integrating various physiological and psychological functions. Abnormal disruptions in genes during brain development can lead to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we performed a systematic investigation of human fetal brain tissue from miscarriages between 8 and 17 weeks of gestation using integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq). We constructed single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic maps of neurodevelopment, revealing key signaling pathways involved in neural cell proliferation, differentiation, and functional maturation. Through pseudotime analysis, we reconstructed the developmental trajectory of neuronal differentiation and its dynamic regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, we identified cell type-specific chromatin accessibility regions during neurogenesis and, through integrated analysis, predicted potential regulatory elements involved in the process. Overall, the single-cell multi-omics integration map constructed in this study provides valuable resources for a deeper understanding of fetal brain development, cellular heterogeneity, lineage relationships, and transcriptional regulatory networks during neurogenesis.

Article	Year
Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review. Micromachines\| PubMed ID: 33924199	2021
Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and in vitro sustained release behaviour of co-encapsulated liposomes as vehicle for vitamin E and β-carotene. Journal of the science of food and agriculture\| PubMed ID: 35398898	2022
Research Note: Effects of the intermittent feeding of microencapsulation essential oil on laying performance, egg quality, immune response, intestinal morphology, and oxidation status of lay... Poultry science\| PubMed ID: 38471230	2024
Spatial proteomics: unveiling the multidimensional landscape of protein localization in human diseases. Proteome science\| PubMed ID: 39304896	2024
scRNA-seq reveals involvement of monocytes in immune response in SLE patients. Genomics\| PubMed ID: 39818255	2025
Single-cell RNA sequencing and functional analysis reveal the role of altered glycosylation levels of hepatic macrophages in liver cirrhosis. Journal of gastroenterology\| PubMed ID: 39888412	2025
Comprehensive analysis of eccDNA characteristics and associated genes expression in peripheral blood of ASLE and ISLE patients. Epigenetics\| PubMed ID: 40108975	2025
Applications and prospects of phosphoproteomics in renal disease research. PeerJ\| PubMed ID: 40124608	2025
Integrative Single-Cell Analysis Decodes Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility in the Developing Human Fetal Brain. Molecular neurobiology\| PubMed ID: 40663269	2025

Tiantian Xu

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