cross-cultural-adaptation-psychometric-validation-structured

Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of a Structured Interview for Psychiatric Assessment

Psychiatric disorders are a significant cause of long-term disability and mortality. Although treatment is available, diagnostic accuracy is critical to ...

Champalimaud Foundation

Universidade NOVA de Lisboa

Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa

Exploring the effects of depression and treatment of depression in reinforcement learning.

Explicit information obtained through instruction profoundly shapes human choice behaviour. However, this has been studied in computationally simple tasks, and it is unknown how model-based and model-free systems, respectively generating goal-directed and habitual actions, are affected by the absence or presence of instructions. We assessed behaviour in a variant of a computationally more complex decision-making task, before and after providing information about task structure, both in healthy volunteers and in individuals suffering from obsessive-compulsive or other disorders. Initial behaviour was model-free, with rewards directly reinforcing preceding actions. Model-based control, employing predictions of states resulting from each action, emerged with experience in a minority of participants, and less in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Providing task structure information strongly increased model-based control, similarly across all groups. Thus, in humans, explicit task structural knowledge is a primary determinant of model-based reinforcement learning and is most readily acquired from instruction rather than experience.

Explicit knowledge of task structure is a primary determinant of human model-based action.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition marked by persistent distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviours. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms behind OCD remain elusive, and current treatments are limited. This protocol outlines an investigative study for individuals with OCD, exploring the potential of psilocybin to improve key components of cognition implicated in the disorder. The PsilOCD study strives to assess the effects of low-moderate psilocybin treatment (10 mg) alongside non-interventional therapy on several facets of OCD. The main focus points of PsilOCD are cognitive flexibility, measured with cognitive tests, and neuroplasticity, assessed through electroencephalography (EEG).

Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78171.].

Correction: Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'.

Article	Year
Exploring the effects of depression and treatment of depression in reinforcement learning. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 24198769	2013
Explicit knowledge of task structure is a primary determinant of human model-based action. Nature human behaviour\| PubMed ID: 35589826	2022
Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'. Cureus\| PubMed ID: 39882198	2025
Correction: Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivi... Cureus\| PubMed ID: 39897296	2025

Pedro Castro-Rodrigues

Biography

JoVE Journal Publications

Other Publications