development-neonatal-piglet-acute-lung-injury-model-recreating-early

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Premature birth is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe consequence of extreme prematurity, ...

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

Karolinska University Hospital

Prematurity in itself and exposure to neonatal intensive care triggers inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, leading to risk for disease later in life. The effects on cellular aging processes are incompletely understood.

Hematopoietic cellular aging is not accelerated during the first 2 years of life in children born preterm.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains an incurable gut complication of prematurity with significant morbidity and mortality. Cell therapies, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), may be a promising treatment given their anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential. We assessed the effect of MSCs and other cell therapies (not classified as MSCs) on incidence, severity, and mortality in preclinical models of NEC. Bibliographic and gray literature searches yielded 17 371 records with 107 full-text articles assessed and ultimately 16 studies were included. These studies featured only rodents NEC models via combination of hyperosmolar feeds, hypoxia, hypothermia, or lipopolysaccharides. Ten studies used interventions with MSCs. Only 2 met the minimal criteria to define MSCs proposed by the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT). The overall risk of bias was assessed as high partly due to paucity of data with important gaps in reporting, reinforcing the importance of rigorous research framework, appropriate cell-therapy and outcome reporting in preclinical research. A reduction in the incidence of NEC (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, 95% CI [0.17, 0.62]), severe NEC (OR 0.30, 95% CI [0.18, 0.50]), and mortality (OR 0.30, 95% CI [0.16, 0.55]) was noted with MSCs treatment, seemingly more pronounced for ISCT-defined (ISCT+) MSCs. Amniotic fluid stem cells, neural stem cells, and placenta stem cells also showed a reduction in these measures. Given their accessibility (ie, umbilical cord) and proven safety profile in extremely preterm infants, our analysis provides a foundation for considering MSCs as promising candidate that requires further evaluation for the treatment of NEC.

Article	Year
Hematopoietic cellular aging is not accelerated during the first 2 years of life in children born preterm. Pediatric research\| PubMed ID: 32170191	2020
Cell-based therapies in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stem cells translational medicine\| PubMed ID: 40036304	2025

Ewa Henckel

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