surgical-protocols-for-deep-cervical-lymphovenous-anastomosis-rat

Surgical Protocols for Deep Cervical Lymphovenous Anastomosis in a Rat Model: Lymph Node and Lymphatic Vessel Anastomoses

Deep cervical lymphovenous anastomosis (dcLVA) has become a promising treatment strategy for Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), offering significant ...

The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

The objective of the present study was to compare the differentiation between breast cancer and benign breast lesions and study regional distribution characteristics in various subtypes of breast cancer using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters. This retrospective study involved 119 patients with breast cancer and 22 patients with benign breast lesions, who underwent 3.0T breast magnetic resonance imaging examinations. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters (slow ADC, fast ADC and fraction of fast ADC) were obtained from patients with breast cancer and benign lesions using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with b-values of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 sec/mm. Compared with patients with benign breast lesions, patients with breast cancer exhibited decreased ADC (P<0.001), slow ADC (P<0.001) and fast ADC (P<0.001) values, and higher fraction of fast ADC (P<0.001) values. Tumors with metastatic axillary lymph nodes demonstrated increased fraction of fast ADC values (P<0.001) and decreased slow ADC values (P<0.001) compared with tumors without metastatic axillary lymph nodes. The Fast ADC values of tumor tissues in estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative groups were higher than in positive groups (P<0.001), and the slow ADC values of tumor tissues were lower in ER and PR negative groups than positive groups (P<0.001). Luminal B (HER2- negative) tumor (P<0.001) and peritumor (P<0.001) tissues exhibited decreased fraction of fast ADC values, in comparison with other subtypes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor tissue exhibited increased fast ADC (P<0.001) and fraction of fast ADC values (P<0.001), and decreased slow ADC values (P<0.001), when compared with other subtypes. The TNBC tumor edge tissues had increased fraction of fast ADC values compared with other subtypes (P<0.01) and TNBC tumor tissues (P<0.05). Therefore, the IVIM parameters of tumor, tumor edge and peritumor tissues in various subtypes of breast cancer may be useful for differentiation of breast cancer subtypes and to assess the invasive extent of the tumors.

Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging for breast cancer: A comparison with benign lesions and evaluation of heterogeneity in different tumor regions with prognostic factors and molecular classification.

The significant role of multifunctional nanoprobes with complementary advantages in magnetic and near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) fluorescence properties has been documented in precision cancer theranostics. However, certain limitations, including the large size (>10 nm), low NIR-II fluorescence quantum yield (QY < 1.0%), and inefficient magnetic performance (relaxation rate < 5.0 s mM) of nanoprobes, restrict their biomedical applications and clinical translation. Albumin-based biomineralization was adopted to prepare bright NIR-II Au NCs, which were further conjugated with DTPA and Gd ions to produce magnetic and NIR-II Au-Gd NCs. Albumin-based biomineralization helped to develop ultrasmall Au-Gd nanoclusters with ultrasmall size (∼2 nm), high NIR-II fluorescence QY (∼3.0%), and effective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance (relaxation rate (r1) = 22.6 s mM). On the one hand, Au-Gd NCs achieved NIR-II fluorescence and MRI dual-modal imaging of tumors with a high signal-to-background ratio (SBR = 8.2) in mice. On the other hand, their effective metabolism simultaneously through the kidney and liver minimized their toxicity . Moreover, compared to the control group, the survival time of tumor-bearing mice was extended by three times when Au-Gd NCs with high-Z elements were used to perform dual-modal imaging-guided sensitization of tumor radiotherapy. Thus, ultrasmall nanoprobes with complementary imaging modalities and therapeutic functions manifest great potential in cancer precision diagnosis and therapy.

Magnetic and near-infrared-II fluorescence Au-Gd nanoclusters for imaging-guided sensitization of tumor radiotherapy.

Nuciferine (NCF) is a bioactive compound from lotus leaves and has been proven to prevent osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by our previous research. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this research, Raw264.7 cells were induced into osteoclast with or without NCF. CCK-8 and Edu assays were performed to detect the effects of 30 μM NCF on cell viability and proliferation. TRAP staining and bone resorption assays were performed to observe the role of NCF in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the effects of NCF on osteoclast-related genes, glycolysis-related genes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes. Seahorse assays, lactate concentration and glucose consumption were performed to observe cell metabolism change. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect ROS level. In this work, 30 μM NCF could not influence cell viability and cell proliferation. Osteoclast differentiation could be inhibited by 30 μM NCF. Bone resorption assay could also observe that bone resorption ability was successfully inhibited by 30 μM NCF. In seahorse assay, we discovered that NCF could decrease extracellular acid rate and increase oxygen consumption. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that NCF could decrease the expression of hexokinase2, pyruvate kinase muscle 2, and lactate dehydrogenase A and that NCF could also weaken the concentration of lactate. However, pyruvate kinase muscle 2 activator (GC69716) and lactate addition could promote osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption and promote the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1. Besides, NCF could also inhibit the production of ROS. In conclusion, NCF might inhibit osteoclast formation through inhibiting glycolysis metabolism and ROS production.

Article	Year
Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging for breast cancer: A comparison with benign lesions and evaluation of heterogeneity in different tumor regions with prognostic factors... Oncology letters\| PubMed ID: 30250578	2018
Magnetic and near-infrared-II fluorescence Au-Gd nanoclusters for imaging-guided sensitization of tumor radiotherapy. Nanoscale advances\| PubMed ID: 36132156	2022
Nuciferine inhibits osteoclast formation through suppressing glycolysis metabolic programming and ROS production. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences\| PubMed ID: 39548856	2024

Wenhui Guo

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