assessing-disaster-resilience-concrete-with-titanium-dioxide

Assessing Disaster Resilience of Concrete with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

In recent decades, the occurrence of extreme events has intensified across diverse regions of the world, inflicting substantial impacts on economies, ...

Federal University of Goiás

This chapter will present an original effort to summarize the relevant data about the cyto-genotoxicity induced by cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) in physiologically (in vivo and in vitro) relevant models. In this way, this chapter should be extremely useful to everyone who wants to plan their research and publishing their results. Massive application of nanoceria at different fields is increasing year after year, and it is urgent to address and discuss their use and its safety-related issues. Specifically, the nanoceria are being designed for nanomedicine, cosmetics, polishing materials and additives for automotive fuels. Their unique properties include the ability to absorb UV radiation, antioxidant potential and the rapid exchange of valence between Ce and Ce ions associated to oxygen storage. In this chapter, the state of the art regarding the physicochemical properties of nanoceria, nanogenotoxicity detected by in vitro and in vivo systems and the general aspects in the cyto-genotoxic mechanism of nanoceria are summarized. The cyto-genotoxicity will be discussed in terms of evaluations by Comet assay, Micronucleus test, DNA damage response and oxidative stress detected in cell culture systems and in vivo test. We also described the dose dependent cyto-genotoxic effects of nanoceria based on their physical-chemical nature. Paradoxically, these particles have been characterized as either pro-oxidant or anti-oxidant in dependence of microenvironment and physiological conditions such as pH. Finally, this chapter will contribute to point out aspects of the development of new in vitro and in vivo methodologies to detect cyto-genotoxic effects of the nanoceria.

Detection of DNA Damage Induced by Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles: From Models to Molecular Mechanism Activated.

Since the discovery of the third allotropic carbon form, carbon-based one-dimensional nanomaterials (1D-CNMs) became an attractive and new technology with different applications that range from electronics to biomedical and environmental technologies. Despite their broad application, data on environmental risks remain limited. Fish are widely used in ecotoxicological studies and biomonitoring programs. Thus, the aim of the current study was to summarize and critically analyze the literature focused on investigating the bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological impacts of 1D-CNMs (carbon nanotubes and nanofibers) on different fish species. In total, 93 articles were summarized and analyzed by taking into consideration the following aspects: bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, organ-specific toxicity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and behavioral changes. Results have evidenced that the analyzed studies were mainly carried out with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which were followed by single-walled nanotubes and nanofibers. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was the main fish species used as model system. CNMs' ecotoxicity in fish depends on their physicochemical features, functionalization, experimental design (e.g. exposure time, concentration, exposure type), as well as on fish species and developmental stage. CNMs' action mechanism and toxicity in fish are associated with oxidative stress, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Overall, fish are a suitable model system to assess the ecotoxicity of, and the environmental risk posed by, CNMs.

Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers seen as emerging threat to fish: Historical review and trends.

Dioclea violacea seed mannose-binding lectin (DvL) has attracted considerable attention because of its interesting biological activities, including antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the cytotoxic effect of DvL on tumor and normal cells using the mitochondrial activity reduction (MTT) assay, the carcinogenic and anti-carcinogenic activity by the epithelial tumor test (ETT) in Drosophila melanogaster, and the anti-angiogenic effect by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Data demonstrated that DvL promoted strong selective cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, especially A549 and S180 cells, whereas normal cell lines were weakly affected. Furthermore, DvL did not promote carcinogenesis in D. melanogaster at any concentration tested, but modulated DXR-induced carcinogenesis at the highest concentrations tested. In the CAM and immunohistochemical assays, DvL inhibited sarcoma 180-induced angiogenesis and promoted the reduction of VEGF and TGF-β levels at all concentrations tested. Therefore, our results demonstrated that DvL is a potent anticancer, anti-angiogenic, and selective cytotoxic agent for tumor cells, suggesting its potential application as a prototype molecule for the development of new drugs with chemoprotective and/or antitumor effects.

Dioclea violacea lectin inhibits tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis in vivo.

Due to their interesting biological activities, a mannose-binding lectin isolated from Dioclea violacea seeds, known as DvL have attracted considerable attention. In this study, we performed macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical analysis on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) to investigate the effects of DvL on the angiogenic process. Data showed a potential angiogenic effect of DvL at the highest concentrations tested (50 and 100 μg/mL). This effect was confirmed through increased neovascularization, inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts in histological analysis of the CAM. In addition, the immunohistochemistry of CAM showed that DvL induced secretion of TNF-α and VEGF, important cytokines involved in angiogenesis. Therefore, increased neovascularization may result from a pro-inflammatory response through VEGF and TNF-α secretion. In contrast, the DvL effects on the angiogenic process and the TNF-α and VEGF secretion were significantly reduced by co-incubation with mannose. Thus, protein-carbohydrate interactions between DvL and cell membrane glycans are likely the main events involved in this effect. Therefore, our results demonstrated that DvL is a potent angiogenic agent, suggesting its potential application as a prototype molecule for developing new drugs with healing properties.

Article	Year
Detection of DNA Damage Induced by Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles: From Models to Molecular Mechanism Activated. Advances in experimental medicine and biology\| PubMed ID: 29453541	2018
Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers seen as emerging threat to fish: Historical review and trends. The Science of the total environment\| PubMed ID: 38151128	2024
Dioclea violacea lectin inhibits tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Biochimie\| PubMed ID: 38395337	2024
Dioclea violacea lectin exerts pro-angiogenic effects by increasing VEGF and TNF-α levels via carbohydrate recognition domain. Cytokine\| PubMed ID: 40424746	2025

Leonardo Pereira Franchi

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