a-step-step-procedure-for-producing-germline-chimera-chicken-via

A Step-by-Step Procedure for Producing Germline Chimera in Chicken <em>via</em> Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation

The generation of germline chimeras in chickens via transplantation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) provides a robust and reproducible platform for avian ...

Seoul National University

Mechanisms underlying delay fear conditioning in which conditioned stimuli (CS) are paired and co-terminated with unconditioned stimuli (US), have been extensively characterized, thus expanding knowledge concerning learning and memory. However, trace fear conditioning in which CS and US are separated by trace interval periods, has received much less attention though it involves cognitive processes including timing and working memories. Various brain regions including the hippocampus are known to play an important role in memory acquisition and/or retrieval of trace fear conditioning. However, neural correlates, which are specific for the discrete steps in trace fear conditioning, have not been characterized thoroughly. Here, we investigated the network activities between the dorsal and ventral hippocampi at different stages of memory processing after trace fear conditioning. When fear memory was retrieved successfully, theta synchronization between the two regions was enhanced relative to preconditioning levels. The enhancement in theta synchronization was observed only during the trace interval period but not during CS presentation or after the trace interval period. Thus, the enhanced theta synchronization between the dorsal and ventral hippocampi may underlie a cognitive process associated with the trace interval period when fear memory is retrieved successfully.

Enhanced theta synchronization correlates with the successful retrieval of trace fear memory.

Except for data in the Korea Hemophilia Foundation Registry, little is known of the epidemiology of congenital bleeding disorders in Korea.

Epidemiology of Congenital Bleeding Disorders: a Nationwide Population-based Korean Study.

Animals are known to exhibit innate and learned forms of defensive behaviors, but it is unclear whether animals can escape through methods other than these forms. In this study, we develop the delayed escape task, in which male rats temporarily hold the information required for future escape, and we demonstrate that this task, in which the subject extrapolates from past experience without direct experience of its behavioral outcome, does not fall into either of the two forms of behavior. During the holding period, a subset of neurons in the rostral-to-striatum claustrum (rsCla), only when pooled together, sustain enhanced population activity without ongoing sensory stimuli. Transient inhibition of rsCla neurons during the initial part of the holding period produces prolonged inhibition of the enhanced activity. The transient inhibition also attenuates the delayed escape behavior. Our data suggest that the rsCla activity bridges escape-inducing stimuli to the delayed onset of escape.

Delayed escape behavior requires claustral activity.

To analyse the experiences of emergency nurses caring for patients with mental health issues in the emergency department, identify the challenges they face during the care process, and explore potential solutions.

Article	Year
Enhanced theta synchronization correlates with the successful retrieval of trace fear memory. Biochemical and biophysical research communications\| PubMed ID: 27793663	2016
Epidemiology of Congenital Bleeding Disorders: a Nationwide Population-based Korean Study. Journal of Korean medical science\| PubMed ID: 33045773	2020
Delayed escape behavior requires claustral activity. Cell reports\| PubMed ID: 38324450	2024
Emergency Nurses' Experiences Caring for Patients in Mental Health Crisis: Current Challenges and Future Directions. Journal of advanced nursing\| PubMed ID: 41201044	2025

Yujin Han

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