in-vivo-imaging-uncovers-migratory-behavior-leukocytes-within

<em>In Vivo</em> Imaging Uncovers the Migratory Behavior of Leukocytes within the Joints

Leukocytes are blood-borne cells derived from the bone marrow that must migrate into tissues to mediate inflammation. Controlling this migration, ...

St. Marianna University School of Medicine

Nephritis-associated plasmin receptor in the cutaneous vessels in IgA vasculitis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that commonly causes inflammation and bone destruction in multiple joints. Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, play important roles in RA development and pathogenesis. Biological therapies targeting these cytokines have revolutionized RA therapy. However, approximately 50% of the patients are non-responders to these therapies. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to identify new therapeutic targets and therapies for patients with RA. In this review, we focus on the pathogenic roles of chemokines and their G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in RA. Inflamed tissues in RA, such as the synovium, highly express various chemokines to promote leukocyte migration, tightly controlled by chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. Because the inhibition of these signaling pathways results in inflammatory response regulation, chemokines and their receptors could be promising targets for RA therapy. The blockade of various chemokines and/or their receptors has yielded prospective results in preclinical trials using animal models of inflammatory arthritis. However, some of these strategies have failed in clinical trials. Nonetheless, some blockades showed promising results in early-phase clinical trials, suggesting that chemokine ligand-receptor interactions remain a promising therapeutic target for RA and other autoimmune diseases.

Chemokines and chemokine receptors as promising targets in rheumatoid arthritis.

Excessive activation of immune cells by environmental factors, such as infection or individual genetic risk, causes various autoimmune diseases.  species are gram-positive bacteria that colonize the nasopharynx, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and skin. Group A  (GAS) species cause various symptoms, ranging from mild infections, such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis, to serious infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The contribution of GAS infections to several autoimmune diseases, including acute rheumatic fever, vasculitis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, has been studied. In this review, we focus on the association between streptococcal infections and autoimmune diseases, and discuss current research on the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases.

Article	Year
Nephritis-associated plasmin receptor in the cutaneous vessels in IgA vasculitis. The Journal of dermatology\| PubMed ID: 36151872	2023
Chemokines and chemokine receptors as promising targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Frontiers in immunology\| PubMed ID: 36860872	2023
Streptococcal infection and autoimmune diseases. Frontiers in immunology\| PubMed ID: 38464518	2024

Chie Miyabe

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