patient-derived-three-dimensional-tumor-organoid-model-for-vitro

Patient-Derived Three-Dimensional Tumor Organoid Model for <em>In Vitro</em> Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Screening

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved exciting clinical efficacy in hematological malignancies, but CAR-T cell therapy for solid ...

Southern University of Science and Technology

Azobenzene photoalignment materials are highly effective for liquid crystal alignment with high sensitivity and rewritability. A strong relationship between relative humidity and the alignment quality of a thin layer of azobenzenesulfonic dye has been investigated, where the photoinduced phase retardation, order parameter, and anchoring strength of the alignment layer are influenced dramatically by relative humidity. Our results provide fabrication guidance for the photoalignment process in both display and photonic applications. In addition, an exotic substantial ordering enhancement is observed by increasing the relative humidity without further light illumination, where the self-assembly of the photoaligned material incorporated with water molecules is the underlying reason for the enhanced high ordering (S > 0.8). Based on X-ray diffraction and depolarized optical microscopy observation, together with the photoalignment quality, a semicrystalline structure of the humidified azobenzenesulfonic material is proposed. The transition from amorphous solid at low relative humidity to semicrystal at high relative humidity provides a new perspective of understanding the hydrophilic photoalignment materials.

Exotic Property of Azobenzenesulfonic Photoalignment Material Based on Relative Humidity.

Azobenzene materials provide an effective way for liquid crystal (LC) alignment besides traditional rubbing technology. A strong relationship between relative humidity (RH) and the photoalignment quality of hydrophilic azobenzene dye brilliant yellow (BY) has been investigated. Good photoalignment quality can only be ensured at about 40% RH or below. On the other hand, the photostability of the alignment layer is also influenced dramatically by RH. The rewritability can be guaranteed at extremely low RH (≤10%). It is gradually lost with increasing RH, and the alignment layer becomes photostable against further light exposure when at 40% RH or above. Therefore, the BY photoalignment layer can be tuned from rewritable to photostable by simply adjusting RH, and thus multistep photopatterned alignments can be obtained and reserved based on this method. Similar properties are also expected for other hydrophilic azobenzene photoalignment materials, where the specific RH values may vary correspondingly. The reason is due to the strong intermolecular interaction and J-aggregate formation of BY molecules with water insertion. Moreover, the lyotropic LC formed by J-aggregated BY molecules in aqueous solution is reported here.

High Photoinduced Ordering and Controllable Photostability of Hydrophilic Azobenzene Material Based on Relative Humidity.

Cancer cells rely on fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme for de novo biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids, to sustain their proliferative potential and drive invasion. Unfortunately, conventional FASN assays are technically inadequate for discerning otherwise elusive FASN activity in complex biological milieux, which has hindered progress in the functional study of FASN and development of its inhibitors. Here, we describe a chemical probe with unprecedented selectivity and sensitivity for the labeling of active FASN in living cells, thus demonstrating a new analytical modality for visualizing endogenous FASN activity and exploring opportunities for drug discovery.

Molecular Imaging and  Quantitative Profiling of Fatty Acid Synthase with a Chemical Probe.

Nowadays, the electromagnetic properties of artificial photonic materials can be well-tuned via designs over their composition and geometries. However, engineering the properties of artificial materials at the nanoscale is challenging and costly. Here we demonstrate a facile and low-cost method for fabricating large-area silver nanoparticle metasurfaces (AgNPMSs) by using the vectorial holography-mediated growth technique. The AgNPMS, which can be regarded as a hologram device, possesses excellent chiroptical properties. The vectorial holographic technique may open avenues for fabricating novel chiroptical metamaterials with large degrees of freedom, which can be further used for beam steering, photocatalysis, biosensing, etc.

Vectorial holography-mediated growth of plasmonic metasurfaces.

China's massive wave of urbanization may be threatened by land subsidence. Using a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique, we provided a systematic assessment of land subsidence in all of China's major cities from 2015 to 2022. Of the examined urban lands, 45% are subsiding faster than 3 millimeters per year, and 16% are subsiding faster than 10 millimeters per year, affecting 29 and 7% of the urban population, respectively. The subsidence appears to be associated with a range of factors such as groundwater withdrawal and the weight of buildings. By 2120, 22 to 26% of China's coastal lands will have a relative elevation lower than sea level, hosting 9 to 11% of the coastal population, because of the combined effect of city subsidence and sea-level rise. Our results underscore the necessity of enhancing protective measures to mitigate potential damages from subsidence.

A national-scale assessment of land subsidence in China's major cities.

Circularly polarized light emitting active materials are of great interest, and the convenient tuning of the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) remains a significant challenge. Integrating fluorescent materials into chiral photonic crystals to achieve tunable CPL is a promising approach, allowing efficient manipulation of CPL by adjusting the photonic band gap (PBG). We combined carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), which self-assembles into a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). The helical structure can selectively reflect right circularly polarized (RCP) light, achieving strong circular dichroism (CD) and high CPL dissymmetry factor  . In addition, the chiral template is thermo-responsive. The CPL wavelength can be adjusted by regulating the PBG position through temperature adjustment, while the chirality of CPL keeps high especially in the heating process. This work enables stimuli-responsive manipulation of CPL under one template through temperature regulation, which may open up enormous possibilities for the cellulose-based material in different areas.

Thermo-responsive circularly polarized luminescence from carbon quantum dots in a cellulose-based chiral nematic template.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is generally asymptomatic or leads to acute and self-limiting hepatitis. The mechanisms orchestrating such an infection course remain to be elucidated. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal cellular sensor for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Here, we show that AMPK is activated in response to HEV infection and is associated with mitochondrial damage and ATP deficiency. AMPK activation, in turn, inhibits HEV replication. Mechanistic studies reveal that AMPK activation triggers the expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes that possess antiviral properties. In parallel, AMPK inhibits autophagosome accumulation to exert antiviral effects. Interestingly, AMPK activation also suppresses the inflammatory response triggered by HEV infection. Consistently, AMPK activation simultaneously exerts anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects in a coculture system of HEV-infected liver cells with macrophages. These findings pave the way for the development of AMPK-targeted therapeutics to treat hepatitis E.

Article	Year
Exotic Property of Azobenzenesulfonic Photoalignment Material Based on Relative Humidity. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids\| PubMed ID: 28379710	2017
High Photoinduced Ordering and Controllable Photostability of Hydrophilic Azobenzene Material Based on Relative Humidity. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids\| PubMed ID: 29584437	2018
Molecular Imaging and Quantitative Profiling of Fatty Acid Synthase with a Chemical Probe. Analytical chemistry\| PubMed ID: 32053360	2020
Vectorial holography-mediated growth of plasmonic metasurfaces. Science bulletin\| PubMed ID: 36654280	2021
A national-scale assessment of land subsidence in China's major cities. Science (New York, N.Y.)\| PubMed ID: 38635711	2024
Thermo-responsive circularly polarized luminescence from carbon quantum dots in a cellulose-based chiral nematic template. Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)\| PubMed ID: 39635029	2024
AMPK activation by hepatitis E virus infection inhibits viral replication through attenuation of autophagosomes and promotion of innate immunity. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\| PubMed ID: 40074929	2025

Yue Shi

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