tear-derived-exosomal-mir-15a-as-new-diagnostic-tool-for-diabetic

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting a significant percentage of the diabetic population. Early diagnosis and ...

Universiti Malaya

Universiti Malaya Medical Centre

Osteopetrosis craniopathy: a rare cause of bilateral compressive optic neuropathy and facial nerve palsy.

An ongoing third epidemic of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is contributed largely by developing nations. We describe a cohort of infants in a single neonatal unit where two limits of oxygen saturation were administered, to show real-world outcomes from trend in neonatology for higher oxygen to improve survival.

Comparative cohorts of retinopathy of prematurity outcomes of differing oxygen saturation: real-world outcomes.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease associated with anatomical changes in the inner retina. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care, there is currently no cure for AMD. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2021 was undertaken. A total of 82 preclinical and 18 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified active compounds, carotenoids, extracts and polysaccharides, flavonoids, formulations, vitamins and whole foods with potential therapeutic roles in AMD. We evaluated the integral cellular signaling pathways including the activation of antioxidant pathways and angiogenesis pathways orchestrating their mode of action. In conclusion, we examined the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD which warrant further study for application in clinical practice. Our current understanding is that natural antioxidants have the potential to improve or halt the progression of AMD, and tailoring therapeutics to the specific disease stages may be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.

Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review.

This study aims to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Malay-Visual Disability Assessment (VDA) questionnaire and to assess its applicability in evaluating functional disability among cataract patients of a tertiary medical centre in Malaysia.

Validation of Malay-vision disability assessment (VDA) questionnaire and its application to assess the functional disability among cataract patients of a tertiary medical centre in Malaysia.

To cross-culturally translate and adapt the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEIVFQ-25) into Malay or Bahasa Malaysia, and to analyze its psychometric properties in a cohort of Malaysian patients with visual impairment from various causes.

Visual impairment in any eye adversely affects quality of life: Psychometric validation of the Malay NEI VFQ-25.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets. Efficacy validation invited 44 ophthalmologists across North America, Europe, Asia and Africa in primary and specialty care settings, highlighting its utility as a clinical copilot. The RCT-a parallel, single-center, double-masked study-assessed EyeFM as a clinical copilot in retinal disease screening among a high-risk population in China. A total of 668 participants (mean age 57.5 years, 79.5% male) were randomized to 16 ophthalmologists, equally allocated into intervention (with EyeFM copilot) and control (standard care) groups. The primary endpoint indicated that ophthalmologists with EyeFM copilot achieved higher correct diagnostic rate (92.2% versus 75.4%, P < 0.001) and referral rate (92.2% versus 80.5%, P < 0.001). Secondary outcome indicated improved standardization score of clinical reports (median 33 versus 37, P < 0.001). Participant satisfaction with the screening was similar between groups, whereas the intervention group demonstrated higher compliance with self-management (70.1% versus 49.1%, P < 0.001) and referral suggestions (33.7% versus 20.2%, P < 0.001) at follow-up. Post-deployment evaluations indicated strong user acceptance. Our study provided evidence that implementing EyeFM copilot can improve the performance of ophthalmologists and the outcome of patients. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry registration: ChiCTR2500095518 .

An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

Bilateral para-infectious optic neuritis post Epstein-Barr virus infection in an adult patient: A case report.

Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells plays a key role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. Thymoquinone, a bioactive antioxidant from Nigella sativa, has shown promise in reducing cellular oxidative stress. In AMD, prolonged exposure to oxidative stress may activate the NF-κβ signalling pathway in RPE cells, contributing to chronic inflammation, and its regulation by thymoquinone remains understudied. This study investigates the effects of thymoquinone in TNFα-induced RPE cells exposed to AGEs to mimic ageing conditions relevant for AMD. Gene and protein expression levels of NF-κβ pathway markers (P65, pP65 and Iκβα) were measured using qPCR and Western blotting, and statistical analysis was performed using Student's -test and one-way ANOVA. Thymoquinone pretreatment at 0.1 µM and 10 µM significantly reduced the expression of these markers in TNFα-stimulated RPE cells. Notably, AGE-exposed cells demonstrated a heightened response to thymoquinone compared to non-AGE-exposed controls. These findings suggest that thymoquinone modulates NF-κβ signalling and may serve as a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent for AMD.

Article	Year
Osteopetrosis craniopathy: a rare cause of bilateral compressive optic neuropathy and facial nerve palsy. Postgraduate medical journal\| PubMed ID: 31292279	2019
Comparative cohorts of retinopathy of prematurity outcomes of differing oxygen saturation: real-world outcomes. BMJ open ophthalmology\| PubMed ID: 33768163	2021
Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 35056157	2022
Validation of Malay-vision disability assessment (VDA) questionnaire and its application to assess the functional disability among cataract patients of a tertiary medical centre in Malaysia. International ophthalmology\| PubMed ID: 40381114	2025
Visual impairment in any eye adversely affects quality of life: Psychometric validation of the Malay NEI VFQ-25. PloS one\| PubMed ID: 40540493	2025
An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial. Nature medicine\| PubMed ID: 40877476	2025
Bilateral para-infectious optic neuritis post Epstein-Barr virus infection in an adult patient: A case report. Tropical doctor\| PubMed ID: 41359495	2025
Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 41373629	2025

Tengku Ain Kamalden

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