a-stratified-genomic-framework-for-salmonella-serotype-prediction

A Stratified Genomic Framework for <em>Salmonella</em> Serotype Prediction: Evaluation of MLST, SeqSero, SeqSero2, SeqSero2S, and SISTR in Southwest China

Accurate serotyping of Salmonella is essential for effective surveillance and outbreak investigation, as serotype diversity directly impacts pathogenicity ...

Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities

The leaves of  have been applied as Ku-Ding-Cha, a functional tea to clear heat, remove toxins, and treat obesity and diabetes, in Southwest China. The phytochemical research on the leaves of  led to the isolation and identification of eight new monoterpenoid glycosides (-) and three known monoterpenoid glycosides (-). Compounds - were tested for the inhibitory activities on fatty acid synthase (FAS), -glucosidase, -amylase, and the antioxidant effects. Compound  showed stronger FAS inhibitory activity (IC: 2.36 ± 0.10 μM) than the positive control orlistat (IC: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), while compounds , ,  and  displayed more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC: 6.91 ± 0.10~9.41 ± 0.22 μM) than the positive control L-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM). This study provided a theoretical basis for the leaves of  as a functional tea to treat obesity.

Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of  and Their Bioactivities.

The phytochemical study on the leaves of , which have been used as Ku-Ding-Cha, led to the isolation and identification of three new phenylethanoid glycosides and three new phenylmethanoid glycosides, named ligurobustosides R (), R (), R (), S (), S (), and S (), and five reported phenylethanoid glycosides (-). In the bioactivity test, ()-osmanthuside B () displayed strong fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitory activity (IC: 4.55 ± 0.35 μM) as the positive control orlistat (IC: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), while ligurobustosides R () and S (), ligupurpuroside B (), -ligupurpuroside B (), ligurobustoside N (), osmanthuside D (), and ()-osmanthuside B () showed stronger ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC: 2.68 ± 0.05~4.86 ± 0.06 μM) than the positive control L-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM). This research provided a theoretical basis for the leaves of  as a tea with function in treating obesity and diabetes.

Phenylethanoid and Phenylmethanoid Glycosides from the Leaves of  and Their Bioactivities.

The leaves of  have been consumed as Ku-Ding-Cha for clearing heat and removing toxins, and they have been used as a folk medicine for curing hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in China. The phytochemical research on the leaves of  led to the isolation and identification of two new hexenol glycosides, two new butenol glycosides, and five new sugar esters, named ligurobustosides X (), X (), Y (), and Y () and ligurobustates A (), B (), C (), D (), and E (), along with seven known compounds ( and -). Compounds - were tested for their inhibitory effects on fatty acid synthase (FAS), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, as well as their antioxidant activities. Compound  showed strong FAS inhibitory activity (IC 4.10 ± 0.12 μM) close to that of the positive control orlistat (IC 4.46 ± 0.13 μM); compounds  and  revealed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities; compounds - showed moderate α-amylase inhibitory activities; and compounds  and  displayed stronger 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging effects (IC 3.41 ± 0.08~5.65 ± 0.19 μM) than the positive control l-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC 10.06 ± 0.19 μM). This study provides a theoretical foundation for the leaves of  as a functional tea to prevent diabetes and its complications.

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of  and Their Bioactivities.

--hydroxycinnamic acid and its esters in the leaves of  might be a new resource to prevent diabetes and its complications. In the present study, a new HPLC-UV method using hydrolyzation with sodium hydroxide for quantitation of --hydroxycinnamic acid and total --hydroxycinnamic acid esters in the leaves of  was developed, since it was difficult and troublesome to analyze no less than 34 --hydroxycinnamic acid esters by usual HPLC. The extract of  was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide at 80 °C for 2 h, and then, hydrochloride was added. HPLC analysis was performed in reverse phase mode using a C-18 column, eluting with methanol-0.1% acetic acid aqueous solution (40:60, /) in isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min and detecting at 310 nm. The linear range for --hydroxycinnamic acid was 11.0-352.0 μg·mL ( = 1.000). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 2.00 and 6.07 μg·mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day variabilities for --hydroxycinnamic acid were less than 2%. The percentage recovery of --hydroxycinnamic acid was 103.3% ± 1.1%. It is the first HPLC method using hydrolyzation for quantification of many carboxylic esters. Finally, the method was used successfully to determine --hydroxycinnamic acid and total --hydroxycinnamic acid esters in various extracts of the leaves of . The 60-70% ethanol extracts of  showed the highest contents of free --hydroxycinnamic acid (3.96-3.99 mg·g), and the 50-80% ethanol extracts of  displayed the highest contents of total --hydroxycinnamic acid esters (202.6-210.6 mg·g). The method can be applied also to the quality control of the products of .

A New HPLC-UV Method Using Hydrolyzation with Sodium Hydroxide for Quantitation of --Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Total --Hydroxycinnamic Acid Esters in the Leaves of .

 has been not only used as a heat-clearing and detoxicating functional tea (Ku-Ding-Cha) but also consumed as a hypotensive, anti-diabetic, and weight-reducing folk medicine. From the leaves of , ten new monoterpenoid glycosides named ligurobustosides T (), T (), T (), T (), T (), T (), F (), T (), T (), and E (), together with five known ones (, , , , ), were separated and identified using the spectroscopic method and chemical method in this research. The results of biological tests exhibited that the fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitory action of compound  (IC: 4.38 ± 0.11 μM) was as strong as orlistat (IC: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), a positive control; the α-glucosidase inhibitory actions of compounds - and -, and the α-amylase inhibitory actions of compounds - were medium; the ABTS radical scavenging capacities of compounds - and - (IC: 6.27 ± 0.23 ~ 8.59 ± 0.09 μM) were stronger than l-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM) served as a positive control. This research offered a theoretical foundation for the leaves of  to prevent diabetes and its complications.

Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of  and Their Bioactivities (II).

 detection in retail pork is increasing, yet studies on its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and genomic characteristics remain limited. Moreover, it is still unclear whether certain  sequence types (STs) are consistently or rarely associated with pork as a transmission source. Sichuan province, the largest pork-production region in China, provides a critical setting to investigate these dynamics.

Comparative genomic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of  strains isolated from pork and human sources in Sichuan, China.

In the phytochemical study of the leaves of Ligustrum robustum, two new monoterpenoid glycosides named ligurobustosides V (1a), V (1b), and a new secoiridoid glycoside named ligurobustoside W (2), together with three known glycosides (3-5), were isolated and identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The biological research discovered, compounds 3 and 4 showed powerful fatty acid synthase inhibitory activity (half inhibitory concentration [IC]: 4.21 ± 0.16-4.51 ± 0.12 µM); compounds 1, 4, and 5 displayed some α-glucosidase inhibitory activity; compounds 1-5 revealed some α-amylase inhibitory activity; compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed stronger 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical scavenging effect (IC: 3.98 ± 0.01-6.80 ± 0.07 µM) than L-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC: 10.06 ± 0.19 µM). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were considered as some functional constituents of L. robustum to prevent diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Three New Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Effects on Fatty Acid Synthase, α-Glucosidase, and α-Amylase.

Article	Year
Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of and Their Bioactivities. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 35744841	2022
Phenylethanoid and Phenylmethanoid Glycosides from the Leaves of and Their Bioactivities. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 36364215	2022
Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of and Their Bioactivities. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 36615556	2023
A New HPLC-UV Method Using Hydrolyzation with Sodium Hydroxide for Quantitation of --Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Total --Hydroxycinnamic Acid Esters in the Leaves of . Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 37513183	2023
Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of and Their Bioactivities (II). Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 37959693	2023
Comparative genomic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of strains isolated from pork and human sources in Sichuan, China. Frontiers in microbiology\| PubMed ID: 40099182	2025
Three New Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Effects on Fatty Acid Synthase, α-Glucosidase, and α-Amylase. Chemistry & biodiversity\| PubMed ID: 41494995	2026

Shihui Lu

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