June 2012: This Month in JoVE

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July 2012: This Month in JoVE

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August 2012: This Month in JoVE

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and ...

September 2012: This Month in JoVE

This September in JoVE, researchers from the School of Medicine at the Free University of Berlin demonstrate a novel method for studying how stroke ...

October 2012: This Month in JoVE

Here are some highlights from the October 2012 issue of Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).  Gr&oslash;nlund et al. demonstrate how to isolate and ...

November 2012: This Month in JoVE

In this issue, Oestreicher et al. show us how to isolate magnetotactic bacteria from freshwater samples, and concentrate the bacteria at one end of a ...

December 2012: This Month in JoVE

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This month, Smith and Thayer combine two classical ...

2012: A Year In Review

 
 
Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE ...

February 2013: This Month in JoVE

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Since JoVE's first issue, biomedical research ...

March 2013: This Month in JoVE

Here are some highlights from the March 2013 issue of Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
This month, JoVE features several video articles in the ...

September 2013 - This Month in JoVE

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Palatogenesis (palate formation) involves ...

October 2013 - This Month in JoVE

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November 2013: This Month in JoVE

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In the biomedical sciences, many principles ...

December 2013: This Month in JoVE

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This holiday season, we bring you techniques ...

JoVE 2013: The Year in Review

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January featured ...

February 2014: This Month in JoVE

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This month, we have an improved method for ...

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September 2014: This Month in JoVE - Visualizing Coral, Injecting Hydra, Engineering Corneal Implants, and Assessing Traumatic Brain injury in Children

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November 2014: This Month in JoVE: Flow Cytometry in Space, Venom Extraction from Spiders, Decision Making in Bumblebees, and Oceanic Microbial Communities

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December 2014: JoVE's Year in Review

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January 2015: This Month in JoVE - Introducing JoVE Developmental Biology

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JoVE has been revolutionizing scientific ...

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February 2015: This Month in JoVE - Tracking Down Foodborne Illness, Imaging Baby Brains, and Paying Scientific Attention to Attention

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In JoVE Environment we have a method for ...

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March 2015: This Month in JoVE - Solving Crime with Science, Applying Technology to Understand Trees, and Studying Protein Synthesis on a Chip

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In JoVE Environment, we really love ...

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April 2015: This Month in JoVE - Studying Locomotion in Drunken Worms, Preserving Human Liver for Transplantation, and Visualizing Bacterial Swarms

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In JoVE Neuroscience, it is clear that alcohol ...

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This Month in JoVE - Assessing Freezing Tolerance in Plants, Patterning 2D Shapes with DNA, Studying Ischemia <em>In Vitro</em>, Studying Social Cognition in Monkeys

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June 2015: This Month in JoVE - Celebrating JoVE's 100th Issue

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This month marks the release of JoVE's 100th ...

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July 2015 - This Month in JoVE: Treating Canine Halitosis, Minimizing Workplace Stress, and Assessing Electrical Activity and Herbicide Resistance in Plants

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August 2015 - This Month in JoVE: Isolating Stem Cells, Bioengineering the Kidney, and Getting Kids to eat Carrots

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September 2015 - This Month in JoVE: Measuring Greenhouse Gases and Herbicide Resistance, Bioengineering Bone, and Analyzing Neuromuscular Control with Virtual Reality

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Massachusetts Eye and Ear

, Massachusetts Eye and Ear

Nei mammiferi, X-inattivazione silences uno dei due cromosomi X femminili. Silenziamento dipende il gene non codificante, esistono (trascrizione specifici X inattivo) e viene bloccato dal gene antisenso, Tsix. L&#39;eliminazione della scelta/imprinting center di Tsix influisce sulla selezione del cromosoma x. Qui, ci identifichiamo il fattore isolante e trascrizione di CTCF, come un fattore di effetto trans candidato per la selezione del cromosoma x. Il centro di scelta/imprinting contiene siti di legame CTCF tandem che funzionano in un dosaggio enhancer-blocco. Associazione in vitro &egrave; ridotto di CpG metilazione e abolito includendo non-CpG metilazione. Abbiamo postulato che Tsix e CTCF stabilire insieme un interruttore regolabile epigenetico per X-inattivazione.

CTCF, un fattore di effetto trans candidato per la scelta di X-inattivazione.

&#x54FA;&#x4E73;&#x985E;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B; X &#x4E0D;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#x5316;&#x3092;&#x6C88;&#x9ED9;&#x3055;&#x305B;&#x308B; 2 &#x3064;&#x306E; X &#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x4F53;&#x306E;&#x5973;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x30B5;&#x30A4;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x30B7;&#x30F3;&#x30B0;&#x975E;&#x30B3;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x5B50; Xist (&#x975E;&#x30A2;&#x30AF;&#x30C6;&#x30A3;&#x30D6; X &#x56FA;&#x6709;&#x30C8;&#x30E9;&#x30F3; &#x30B9;&#x30AF;&#x30EA;&#x30D7;&#x30C8;)&#x3001;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x7570;&#x306A;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3001;&#x30A2;&#x30F3;&#x30C1;&#x30BB;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x5B50;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066; Tsix &#x304C;&#x30D6;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;Tsix &#x306E;&#x9078;&#x629E;/&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x30C8;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#x306E;&#x524A;&#x9664; x &#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x4F53;&#x306E;&#x9078;&#x629E;&#x306B;&#x5F71;&#x97FF;&#x3092;&#x4E0E;&#x3048;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x3053;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3001;x &#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x4F53;&#x306E;&#x9078;&#x629E;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x5019;&#x88DC;&#x8005;&#x30C8;&#x30E9;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x306B;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x8981;&#x56E0;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066; CTCF&#x3001;&#x7D76;&#x7E01;&#x4F53;&#x3068;&#x8EE2;&#x5199;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x3092;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x9078;&#x629E;/&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x30C8; &#x30BB;&#x30F3;&#x30BF;&#x30FC;&#x306B;&#x306F;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30CF;&#x30F3;&#x30B5;&#x30FC;&#x963B;&#x5BB3;&#x30A2;&#x30C3;&#x30BB;&#x30A4;&#x3067;&#x6A5F;&#x80FD;&#x30BF;&#x30F3;&#x30C7;&#x30E0; CTCF &#x7D50;&#x5408;&#x90E8;&#x4F4D;&#x304C;&#x542B;&#x307E;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;In vitro &#x3067;&#x30D0;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30C9;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B; CpG &#x306E;&#x30E1;&#x30C1;&#x30EB;&#x5316;&#x3092;&#x524A;&#x6E1B;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x975E; CpG &#x306E;&#x30E1;&#x30C1;&#x30EB;&#x5316;&#x3092;&#x542B;&#x3080;&#x5EC3;&#x6B62;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x3005; Tsix &#x3068; CTCF X &#x4E0D;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#x5316;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x4E00;&#x7DD2;&#x306B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x4FC3;&#x9032;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x30A8;&#x30D4;&#x30B8;&#x30A7;&#x30CD;&#x30C6;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x306A;&#x30B9;&#x30A4;&#x30C3;&#x30C1;&#x78BA;&#x7ACB;&#x516C;&#x6E96;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

CTCF &#x5019;&#x88DC;&#x30C8;&#x30E9;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; X &#x4E0D;&#x6D3B;&#x5316;&#x306E;&#x9078;&#x629E;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x3002;

Chez les mammif&egrave;res, l&#39;inactivation de le X fait taire une des deux femmes chromosomes X. Silencieux d&eacute;pend du g&egrave;ne non codant, Xist (relev&eacute; de notes sp&eacute;cifique X inactif) et est bloqu&eacute;e par le g&egrave;ne antisens, Tsix. Suppression du centre de choix/empreinte dans Tsix influe sur la s&eacute;lection du chromosome x. Ici, nous identifions le facteur isolant et transcription, FCCT, comme facteur trans-actif candidat pour la s&eacute;lection du chromosome x. Le centre de choix/empreinte contient des sites de liaison FCCT tandem qui fonctionnent dans un test de blocage enhancer. Liaison in vitro est r&eacute;duit par m&eacute;thylation CpG et aboli en incluant la m&eacute;thylation CpG non. Nous postulons que Tsix et FCCT &eacute;tablissent ensemble un commutateur &eacute;pig&eacute;n&eacute;tique r&eacute;glementable pour l&#39;inactivation de le X.

FCCT, facteur trans-actif candidat du choix de l&#39;inactivation de le X.

Bei S&auml;ugetieren regimekritische X-Inaktivierung eines der beiden weiblichen X-Chromosomen. Unterdr&uuml;ckender h&auml;ngt das nichtkodierende gen, Xist (inaktive X-spezifischen Abschrift), und das antisense-gen, Tsix geblockt wird. L&ouml;schen des Auswahl/Pr&auml;gung-Center in Tsix betrifft die Darstellung-Auswahl. Hier, identifizieren wir den Isolator und Transkription Faktor, CTCF, als Kandidat Trans wirkender Faktor der Darstellung-Auswahl. Das Wahl/Pr&auml;gung-Center enth&auml;lt Tandem CTCF-Bindungsstellen, die in einer Probe Vergr&ouml;&szlig;erer blockierende fungieren. In-vitro-Bindung verk&uuml;rzt von CpG Methylierung ist und durch die Einbeziehung nicht-CpG Methylierung aufgehoben. Wir gehen davon aus, da&szlig; Tsix und CTCF zusammen einen dosierbare epigenetischen Schalter f&uuml;r X-Inaktivierung.

CTCF, ein Kandidat Trans wirkende Faktor f&uuml;r die Wahl der X-Inaktivierung.

&#x5728;&#x54FA;&#x4E73;&#x52A8;&#x7269;&#xFF0C;X &#x706D;&#x6D3B;&#x9759;&#x97F3;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A; X &#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x4F53;&#x5973;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x6C89;&#x9ED8;&#x53D6;&#x51B3;&#x4E8E;&#x975E;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#xFF0C;Xist (&#x5904;&#x4E8E;&#x975E;&#x6D3B;&#x52A8;&#x72B6;&#x6001; X &#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x6210;&#x7EE9;&#x5355;) &#x548C;&#x53CD;&#x4E49;&#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#xFF0C;Tsix &#x88AB;&#x963B;&#x6B62;&#x3002;&#x5220;&#x9664; Tsix &#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;/&#x5370;&#x8FF9;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#x4F1A;&#x5F71;&#x54CD; x &#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x4F53;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7EDD;&#x7F18;&#x5B50;&#x548C;&#x8F6C;&#x5F55;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;ctcf &#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; x &#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x4F53;&#x7504;&#x9009;&#x5019;&#x9009;&#x4EBA;&#x53CD;&#x5F0F;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x3002;&#x9009;&#x62E9;/&#x5370;&#x8FF9;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E32;&#x8054; ctcf &#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x57DF;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x4F4D;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x963B;&#x65AD;&#x5242;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x4E2D;&#x8D77;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x4F53;&#x5916;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x51CF;&#x5C11; CpG &#x7532;&#x57FA;&#x5316;&#x548C;&#x5E9F;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x975E; CpG &#x7532;&#x57FA;&#x5316;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5047;&#x5B9A; Tsix &#x548C; ctcf &#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x57DF;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x8C03;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x89C2;&#x9057;&#x4F20;&#x5F00;&#x5173;&#x4E3A; X &#x706D;&#x6D3B;&#x3002;

Ctcf &#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;X &#x706D;&#x6D3B;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x5019;&#x9009;&#x4EBA;&#x53CD;&#x5F0F;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x3002;

In mammals, X-inactivation silences one of two female X chromosomes. Silencing depends on the noncoding gene, Xist (inactive X-specific transcript), and is blocked by the antisense gene, Tsix. Deleting the choice/imprinting center in Tsix affects X-chromosome selection. Here, we identify the insulator and transcription factor, CTCF, as a candidate trans-acting factor for X-chromosome selection. The choice/imprinting center contains tandem CTCF binding sites that function in an enhancer-blocking assay. In vitro binding is reduced by CpG methylation and abolished by including non-CpG methylation. We postulate that Tsix and CTCF together establish a regulatable epigenetic switch for X-inactivation.

CTCF, a candidate trans-acting factor for X-inactivation choice.

&#xC870;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xD3EC;&#xC720;&#xB958;, X-&#xBE44;&#xD65C;&#xC131;&#xD654; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E0;&#xB2E4; 1 &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC5FC;&#xC0C9;&#xCCB4; X &#xC5EC;&#xC131;. &#xC785;&#xC744; noncoding &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790; Xist (&#xBE44;&#xD65C;&#xC131; X &#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xC0AC;&#xBCF8;)&#xC5D0; &#xB530;&#xB77C; &#xB2EC;&#xB77C; &#xC9D1;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xADF8;&#xB9AC;&#xACE0; &#xC13C;&#xC2A4; &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790; Tsix&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xCC28;&#xB2E8; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC120;&#xD0DD;/&#xAC01; &#xC778; &#xC13C;&#xD130; Tsix&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AD;&#xC81C; x &#xC5FC;&#xC0C9;&#xCCB4; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xC744; &#xC601;&#xD5A5;&#xC744; &#xC90D;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC5EC;&#xAE30;, &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC; x &#xC5FC;&#xC0C9;&#xCCB4; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xD6C4;&#xBCF4; &#xD2B8;&#xB79C;&#xC2A4; &#xD589;&#xB3D9; &#xC694;&#xC778;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; CTCF, &#xC808;&#xC5F0;&#xCCB4; &#xBC0F; &#xC804;&#xC0AC; &#xC694;&#xC18C;&#xB97C; &#xC2DD;&#xBCC4;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC120;&#xD0DD;/&#xAC01; &#xC778; &#xC13C;&#xD130; &#xC99D;&#xAC15; &#xCC28;&#xB2E8; &#xBD84;&#xC11D; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC791;&#xB3D9; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC9C1;&#xB82C; &#xC2DD; CTCF &#xBC14;&#xC778;&#xB529; &#xC0AC;&#xC774;&#xD2B8;&#xB97C; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC0DD;&#xCCB4; &#xC678;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBC14;&#xC778;&#xB529; CpG &#xBA54; &#xD2F8; &#xD654;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xAC10;&#xC18C; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xBE44; CpG &#xBA54; &#xD2F8; &#xD654;&#xB97C; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xD3D0;&#xC9C0;. &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xB294; Tsix &#xBC0F; CTCF &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xC124;&#xC815; regulatable epigenetic &#xC2A4;&#xC704;&#xCE58; X-&#xBE44;&#xD65C;&#xC131;&#xD654;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC120;&#xACB0; &#xC870;&#xAC74;.

CTCF, X-&#xBE44;&#xD65C;&#xC131;&#xD654; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xD6C4;&#xBCF4; &#xD2B8;&#xB79C;&#xC2A4; &#xC5F0;&#xAE30; &#xC694;&#xC18C;.

En los mam&iacute;feros, x-inactivaci&oacute;n silencia a uno de los dos cromosomas X femeninos. Silenciamiento depende el gen codifica, Xist (transcripci&oacute;n de X espec&iacute;fico inactivo) y est&aacute; bloqueado por el gen antisentido, Tsix. Eliminar el centro de la opci&oacute;n/impresi&oacute;n en Tsix afecta a la selecci&oacute;n del cromosoma x. Aqu&iacute;, identificamos el factor aislante y transcripci&oacute;n, CTCF, como un factor de acci&oacute;n trans de candidato para la selecci&oacute;n del cromosoma x. El centro de la opci&oacute;n/impresi&oacute;n contiene sitios de uni&oacute;n de CTCF t&aacute;ndem que funcionan en un ensayo de potenciador de bloqueo. Enlace in vitro es reducido por metilaci&oacute;n CpG y suprimido mediante la inclusi&oacute;n de metilaci&oacute;n no-CpG. Postulamos que Tsix y CTCF establecen juntos un interruptor epigen&eacute;tico regulable para x-inactivaci&oacute;n.

CTCF, un factor de acci&oacute;n trans candidato para elecci&oacute;n de x-inactivaci&oacute;n.

&#x80F0;&#x5C9B;&#x7D20;&#x6837;&#x751F;&#x957F;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;-II (IGF2) &#x4E5F;&#x8BB8;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x9519;&#x7EFC;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x53D7;&#x89C4;&#x7BA1;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x70B9;&#x662F;&#x5230;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x4E3A;&#x6B62;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x589E;&#x957F;&#x56E0;&#x7D20;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x5370;&#x8FF9; &mdash; &mdash; &#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B49;&#x4F4D;&#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;&#x6D3B;&#x52A8;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x7236;&#x6BCD;&#x7684;&#x8D77;&#x6E90; &mdash; &mdash; &#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F; epigenetically &#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x51E0;&#x4E4E;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x53D7;&#x4F53;&#x4E0E;&#x80F0;&#x5C9B;&#x7D20;&#x6837;&#x751F;&#x957F;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x86CB;&#x767D; (IGFBPs)&#xFF0C;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x8FDB;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x63A7;&#x5236; IGF2 &#x6D3B;&#x52A8;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x548C;&#x591A;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x76D1;&#x7BA1;&#x5F3A;&#x8C03;&#x51C6;&#x786E; IGF2 &#x8A00;&#x8BBA;&#x548C;&#x6D3B;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x9879;&#x68C0;&#x8BA8;&#x4F1A;&#x7814;&#x7A76; IGF2 &#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#x548C;&#x5B83;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x5370;&#x8FF9;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x7ECF;&#x5E38;&#x5E72;&#x6270;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;&#x764C;&#x75C7;&#x6709;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;&#x5C06;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA; IGF2 &#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x8D28;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x6D89;&#x53CA; IGF2 &#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#x7684;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#x5C06;&#x63A2;&#x8BA8; IGF2 &#x97F3;&#x901F;&#x523A;&#x732C; (Shh) &#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x548C;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3002;

IGF2&#xFF1A; &#x8868;&#x89C2;&#x9057;&#x4F20;&#x8C03;&#x63A7;&#x548C;&#x53D1;&#x80B2;&#x4E0E;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3002;

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) is perhaps the most intricately regulated of all growth factors characterized to date. Its gene is imprinted--only one allele is active, depending on parental origin--and this pattern of expression is maintained epigenetically in almost all tissues. IGF2 activity is further controlled through differential expression of receptors and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that determine protein availability. This complex and multifaceted regulation emphasizes the importance of accurate IGF2 expression and activity. This review will examine the regulation of the IGF2 gene and what it has revealed about the phenomenon of imprinting, which is frequently disrupted in cancer. IGF2 protein function will be discussed, along with diseases that involve IGF2 overexpression. Roles for IGF2 in sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and angiogenesis will also be explored.

IGF2: epigenetic regulation and role in development and disease.

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) est peut-&ecirc;tre le plus &eacute;troitement r&eacute;glement&eacute; de tous les facteurs de croissance caract&eacute;ris&eacute;s &agrave; ce jour. Son g&egrave;ne est imprim&eacute;e--seulement un all&egrave;le est actif, en fonction de l&#39;origine parentale--et ce mode d&#39;expression est maintenu &eacute;pig&eacute;n&eacute;tiques dans presque tous les tissus. IGF2 activit&eacute; est encore contr&ocirc;l&eacute;e par le biais de l&#39;expression diff&eacute;rentielle des r&eacute;cepteurs et les prot&eacute;ines liant l&#39;IGF (IGFBP) qui d&eacute;terminent la disponibilit&eacute; de prot&eacute;ines. Ce r&egrave;glement complex et multiforme souligne l&#39;importance de la pr&eacute;cise IGF2 expression et l&#39;activit&eacute;. Cet examen se penchera sur la r&eacute;gulation du g&egrave;ne IGF2 et ce qu&#39;il a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; sur le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de l&#39;empreinte, qui est fr&eacute;quemment perturb&eacute;e dans le cancer. La fonction de prot&eacute;ine IGF2 est discut&eacute;e, ainsi que des maladies qui impliquent la surexpression IGF2. R&ocirc;les pour IGF2 dans sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalisation et angiogen&egrave;se seront &eacute;galement examin&eacute;s.

IGF2 : r&eacute;gulation &eacute;pig&eacute;n&eacute;tique et r&ocirc;le dans le d&eacute;veloppement et la maladie.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (IGF2) ist vielleicht der am meisten aufwendig geregelten alle Wachstumsfaktoren, die bis heute gepr&auml;gt. Nur ein Allel aktiv, je nach elterliche Herkunft ist-- und dieses Muster des Ausdrucks wird in fast allen Geweben epigenetically gepflegt wird--sein gen eingepr&auml;gt. IGF2-Aktivit&auml;t erfolgt weiter durch differenzielle Expression von Rezeptoren und IGF-bindende Proteine (IGFBPs), die Protein-Verf&uuml;gbarkeit ermitteln. Dieser Komplex und facettenreich Verordnung unterstreicht die Bedeutung der genaue IGF2-Expression und Aktivit&auml;t. Diesen Bericht untersucht die Regulierung des IGF2-Gens und was es &uuml;ber das Ph&auml;nomen der Pr&auml;gung, aufgedeckt hat, die bei Krebs h&auml;ufig unterbrochen wird. IGF2 Proteinfunktion werden diskutiert, zusammen mit Krankheiten, bei denen IGF2-&Uuml;berexpression. Rollen f&uuml;r IGF2 in sonic Hedgehog (Shh) Signalisierung und Angiogenese untersucht werden.

IGF2: epigenetische Regulierung und Rolle in der Entwicklung und Krankheit.

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) &egrave; forse il pi&ugrave; intricato regolamentati tutti i fattori di crescita, caratterizzata fino ad oggi. Il gene &egrave; impresso - solo un allele &egrave; attiva, a seconda dell&#39;origine parentale - e questo pattern di espressione viene mantenuto epigeneticamente in quasi tutti i tessuti. IGF2 attivit&agrave; &egrave; ulteriormente controllata attraverso l&#39;espressione differenziale di recettori e IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) che determinano la disponibilit&agrave; di proteine. Questo regolamento complesso e sfaccettato enfatizza l&#39;importanza dell&#39;accurata IGF2 espressione e attivit&agrave;. Questa revisione esaminer&agrave; il regolamento del gene IGF2 e ci&ograve; che &egrave; rivelato circa il fenomeno dell&#39;imprinting, che &egrave; frequentemente interrotto nel cancro. Funzione della proteina IGF2 sar&agrave; discusso, insieme a malattie che coinvolgono IGF2 sovraespressione. Saranno esplorati anche ruoli per IGF2 in sonic hedgehog (Shh) segnalazione e l&#39;angiogenesi.

IGF2: regolazione epigenetica e ruolo nello sviluppo e malattia.

&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x69D8;&#x6210;&#x9577;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; II (IGF2) &#x304A;&#x305D;&#x3089;&#x304F;&#x6700;&#x3082;&#x8907;&#x96D1;&#x306E;&#x65E5;&#x4ED8;&#x306B;&#x7279;&#x5FB4;&#x3065;&#x3051;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x3059;&#x3079;&#x3066;&#x306E;&#x6210;&#x9577;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x898F;&#x5236;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x305D;&#x306E;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x5B50;&#x304C;&#x523B;&#x5370;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;--&#x30A2;&#x30EC;&#x30EB;&#x304C;&#x30DA;&#x30A2;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x30BF;&#x30EB;&#x8D77;&#x6E90;&#x306B;&#x5FDC;&#x3058;&#x3066;--&#x30A2;&#x30AF;&#x30C6;&#x30A3;&#x30D6;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x3001;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30D1;&#x30BF;&#x30FC;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x8868;&#x73FE; epigenetically &#x307B;&#x307C;&#x3059;&#x3079;&#x3066;&#x306E;&#x7D44;&#x7E54;&#x306B;&#x7DAD;&#x6301;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x3060;&#x3051;&#x3002;IGF2 &#x6D3B;&#x52D5;&#x306F;&#x3055;&#x3089;&#x306B;&#x53D7;&#x5BB9;&#x4F53;&#x30BF;&#x30F3;&#x30D1;&#x30AF;&#x8CEA;&#x306E;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;&#x3092;&#x6C7A;&#x5B9A;&#x3059;&#x308B; IGF &#x7D50;&#x5408;&#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x8CEA; (IGFBPs) &#x306E;&#x767A;&#x73FE;&#x3092;&#x4ECB;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x5236;&#x5FA1;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x8907;&#x96D1;&#x304B;&#x3064;&#x591A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x898F;&#x5236;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x6B63;&#x78BA;&#x306A; IGF2 &#x5F0F;&#x3068;&#x6D3B;&#x52D5;&#x306E;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x6027;&#x3092;&#x5F37;&#x8ABF;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D3;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x306F; IGF2 &#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x5B50;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x308C;&#x304C;&#x764C;&#x3067;&#x983B;&#x7E41;&#x306B;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x5237;&#x308A;&#x8FBC;&#x307F;&#x306E;&#x73FE;&#x8C61;&#x306B;&#x3064;&#x3044;&#x3066;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x306E;&#x898F;&#x5236;&#x3092;&#x691C;&#x8A0E;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;IGF2 &#x904E;&#x5270;&#x767A;&#x73FE;&#x3092;&#x4F34;&#x3046;&#x75BE;&#x60A3;&#x3068;&#x3068;&#x3082;&#x306B;&#x3001;IGF2 &#x30BF;&#x30F3;&#x30D1;&#x30AF;&#x8CEA;&#x306E;&#x6A5F;&#x80FD;&#x3092;&#x8AAC;&#x660E;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;IGF2 &#x30BD;&#x30CB;&#x30C3;&#x30AF; &#x30D8;&#x30C3;&#x30B8;&#x30DB;&#x30C3;&#x30B0; (Shh) &#x3068;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x65B0;&#x751F;&#x306E;&#x5F79;&#x5272;&#x3082;&#x691C;&#x8A0E;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

IGF2: &#x30A8;&#x30D4;&#x30B8;&#x30A7;&#x30CD;&#x30C6;&#x30A3;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x5236;&#x5FA1;&#x3068;&#x958B;&#x767A;&#x3068;&#x75BE;&#x60A3;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B;&#x5F79;&#x5272;&#x3002;

&#xC778;&#xC290;&#xB9B0; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xC131;&#xC7A5; &#xC778;&#xC790; 2 (IGF2) &#xC138;&#xB294; &#xC544;&#xB9C8;&#xB3C4; &#xB0A0;&#xC9DC; &#xD2B9;&#xC9D5; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xC131;&#xC7A5; &#xC694;&#xC778;&#xC758; &#xAC00;&#xC7A5; &#xBCF5;&#xC7A1; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xB808; &#xADE4; &#xB808;&#xC774;&#xD2B8;. &#xADF8; &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790;&#xB294; &#xAC01; &#xC778;-&#xD55C; &#xB300;&#xB9BD; &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790;&#xB294; &#xBD80;&#xBAA8;&#xC758; &#xAE30;&#xC6D0;-&#xC5D0; &#xB530;&#xB77C; &#xD65C;&#xC131; &#xBC0F; &#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC758;&#xC774; &#xD328;&#xD134; epigenetically &#xAC70;&#xC758; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xC870;&#xC9C1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC720;&#xC9C0; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. IGF2 &#xD65C;&#xB3D9; &#xCD94;&#xAC00; &#xCC28;&#xB3D9; &#xC2DD; &#xC218;&#xC6A9; &#xCCB4; &#xBC0F; &#xB2E8;&#xBC31;&#xC9C8; &#xAC00;&#xC6A9;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xACB0;&#xC815; &#xD558;&#xB294; IGF &#xBC14;&#xC778;&#xB529; &#xB2E8;&#xBC31;&#xC9C8; (IGFBPs)&#xC744; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xBCF5;&#xC7A1; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xB2E4;&#xAC01;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xADDC;&#xC815; &#xC815;&#xD655;&#xD55C; IGF2 &#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xACFC; &#xD65C;&#xB3D9;&#xC758; &#xC911;&#xC694;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xAC15;&#xC870; &#xD55C;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xAC80;&#xD1A0; IGF2 &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790; &#xADF8;&#xB9AC;&#xACE0; &#xADF8;&#xAC83; &#xC554;&#xC5D0; &#xCC28;&#xC9C8;&#xC774; &#xC790;&#xC8FC; &#xAC01; &#xC778; &#xD604;&#xC0C1;&#xC5D0; &#xB300;&#xD574; &#xACF5;&#xAC1C; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;&#xC758; &#xADDC;&#xCE59;&#xC744; &#xAC80;&#xC0AC; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. IGF2 &#xB2E8;&#xBC31;&#xC9C8; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5; IGF2 overexpression&#xC5D0; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xB41C; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1;&#xACFC; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xB17C;&#xC758; &#xB420; &#xAC83; &#xC774;&#xB2E4;. &#xC18C;&#xB2C9; &#xB354; &#xD5E4;&#xC9C0;&#xD638;&#xADF8; (Shh) &#xC2E0;&#xD638; &#xBC0F; &#xC2E0;&#xC0DD; IGF2 &#xC5ED;&#xD560; &#xB610;&#xD55C; &#xD0D0;&#xD5D8; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

IGF2: epigenetic &#xADDC;&#xC81C;&#xC640; &#xAC1C;&#xBC1C; &#xBC0F; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1;&#xC5D0; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xC5ED;&#xD560;.

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) es quiz&aacute;s el m&aacute;s intrincado regulado de todos los factores de crecimiento caracterizados hasta la fecha. Se imprime su gen--s&oacute;lo un alelo es activo, dependiendo del origen parental--y este patr&oacute;n de expresi&oacute;n se mantiene epigen&eacute;ticamente en casi todos los tejidos. IGF2 actividad adicional es controlada a trav&eacute;s de la expresi&oacute;n diferencial de los receptores y prote&iacute;nas de uni&oacute;n IGF (IGFBPs) que determinan la disponibilidad de prote&iacute;na. Este Reglamento complejo y multifac&eacute;tico subraya la importancia de la actividad y expresi&oacute;n de IGF2 precisa. Esta revisi&oacute;n examinar&aacute; la regulaci&oacute;n del gen IGF2 y lo que ha revelado sobre el fen&oacute;meno de la impresi&oacute;n, que se interrumpe con frecuencia en el c&aacute;ncer. Funci&oacute;n de la prote&iacute;na de IGF2 se analizar&aacute;, junto con enfermedades que implican la sobreexpresi&oacute;n de IGF2. Tambi&eacute;n se estudiar&aacute;n los papeles para IGF2 en sonic hedgehog (Shh) se&ntilde;alizaci&oacute;n y la angiog&eacute;nesis.

IGF2: regulaci&oacute;n epigen&eacute;tica y papel en el desarrollo y la enfermedad.

&#x6B74;&#x53F2;&#x3001;&#x6C11;&#x4FD7;&#x5148;&#x4F8B;&#x3001;&#x5C02;&#x9580;&#x5BB6;&#x306E;&#x610F;&#x898B;&#x3001;&#x85AC;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x3001;&#x6295;&#x85AC;&#x30FB;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3001;&#x526F;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x30FB;&#x6BD2;&#x7269;&#x5B66;&#x3092;&#x542B;&#x3080;&#x5609; &#xFF08;&#x30B5;&#x30EB;&#x30D3;&#x30A2; hispanica) &#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x8A3C;&#x62E0;&#x3092;&#x8A55;&#x4FA1;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x306B;&#x306F;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D3;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x81E8;&#x5E8A;&#x652F;&#x63F4;&#x30C4;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x5609; &#xFF08;&#x30B5;&#x30EB;&#x30D3;&#x30A2; hispanica): &#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x306A;&#x6A19;&#x6E96;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x5354;&#x529B;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B;&#x7CFB;&#x7D71;&#x7684;&#x30EC;&#x30D3;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x3002;

Chia (&#xC0D0;&#xBE44;&#xC5B4; hispanica) &#xB4F1; &#xC5ED;&#xC0AC;, folkloric &#xC804;&#xB840;, &#xC804;&#xBB38;&#xAC00; &#xC758;&#xACAC;, &#xC57D;&#xB9AC;&#xD559;, &#xC8FC;&#xC785;, &#xC0C1;&#xD638; &#xC791;&#xC6A9;, &#xBD80;&#xC791;&#xC6A9;, &#xBC0F; &#xB3C5;&#xADF9;&#xBB3C;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xACFC;&#xD559;&#xC801; &#xC99D;&#xAC70;&#xB97C; &#xD3C9;&#xAC00; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xD3C9;&#xAC00; &#xC784;&#xC0C1; &#xC9C0;&#xC6D0; &#xB3C4;&#xAD6C; &#xC5ED;&#xD560;&#xC744; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Chia (&#xC0D0;&#xBE44;&#xC5B4; hispanica): &#xC790;&#xC5F0; &#xD45C;&#xC900; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xD611;&#xB825; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xCCB4;&#xACC4;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xAC80;&#xD1A0;.

Evaluar la evidencia cient&iacute;fica sobre la chia (Salvia hispanica) incluyendo historia precedente folkl&oacute;rico, dictamen pericial, farmacolog&iacute;a, dosificaci&oacute;n, interacciones, efectos adversos y toxicolog&iacute;a. Este informe sirve como una herramienta de apoyo cl&iacute;nico.

Chia (Salvia hispanica): una revisi&oacute;n sistem&aacute;tica por la Northeastern.

&#x8BC4;&#x4EF7;&#x5609; (&#x4E39;&#x53C2;&#x4E8C;&#x7403;&#x60AC;&#x94C3;&#x6728;&#x67AF;) &#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x3001; &#x6C11;&#x4FD7;&#x7684;&#x5148;&#x4F8B;&#x3001; &#x4E13;&#x5BB6;&#x610F;&#x89C1;&#x3001; &#x836F;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x3001; &#x52A0;&#x836F;&#x3001; &#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#x3001; &#x4E0D;&#x5229;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x548C;&#x6BD2;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x8BC1;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x3002;

&#x5609; (&#x4E39;&#x53C2;&#x4E8C;&#x7403;&#x60AC;&#x94C3;&#x6728;&#x67AF;&#xFF09;&#xFF1A; &#x7531;&#x5929;&#x7136;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x534F;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x3002;

To evaluate the scientific evidence on chia (Salvia hispanica) including history, folkloric precedent, expert opinion, pharmacology, dosing, interactions, adverse effects, and toxicology. This review serves as a clinical support tool.

Chia (Salvia hispanica): a systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration.

Afin d&#39;&eacute;valuer les informations scientifiques sur le chia (Salvia hispanica), y compris l&#39;histoire, pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent folklorique, opinion d&#39;expert, pharmacologie, posologie, interactions, effets ind&eacute;sirables et toxicologie. Cet examen constitue un outil de soutien clinique.

Chia (Salvia hispanica): une revue syst&eacute;matique de la collaboration de recherche standard naturel.

Die wissenschaftliche Beweise f&uuml;r Chia (Salvia Hispanica) einschlie&szlig;lich Geschichte, folkloristische Pr&auml;zedenzfall, Gutachten, Pharmakologie, Dosierung, Wechselwirkungen, Nebenwirkungen und Toxikologie zu bewerten. Diese Bewertung dient als ein klinischer Support-Tool.

Chia (Salvia Hispanica): eine systematische &Uuml;berpr&uuml;fung durch die nat&uuml;rlichen Norm Forschungszusammenarbeit.

Per valutare le prove scientifiche su chia (Salvia hispanica) tra cui storia, folkloric precedente, perizia, farmacologia, dosaggio, interazioni, effetti avversi e tossicologia. Questo esame serve come strumento di supporto clinico.

Chia (Salvia hispanica): una revisione sistematica di collaborazione naturale ricerca standard.

Phytochemicals-&#xC2DD;&#xBB3C;-&#xBFD0;&#xB9CC; &#xC544;&#xB2C8;&#xB77C; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xC0DD;&#xB9AC; &#xD65C;&#xC131; &#xD654;&#xD569;&#xBB3C; &#xB2E4;&#xC591; &#xD55C; &#xC758;&#xD559; &#xC804;&#xD1B5; &#xBFD0;&#xB9CC; &#xC544;&#xB2C8;&#xB77C; &#xB9CE;&#xC740; &#xD604;&#xB300; &#xC57D;&#xC758; &#xAE30;&#xCD08; &#xC591;&#xC2DD;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC5ED;&#xC0AC;&#xC801; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB97C; &#xAC1C;&#xCD5C;. Phytochemicals&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xC608;&#xBC29;&#xC744; &#xC704;&#xD574; &#xB610;&#xB294; adjuncts-&#xBD88;&#xD655; &#xC2E4;&#xD55C; &#xD6A8;&#xC728;&#xC131;&#xC774; &#xB098; &#xC548;&#xC804;&#xC5D0;&#xB3C4; &#xBD88;&#xAD6C; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xAE30;&#xC874;&#xC758; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC;&#xC5D0; &#xC790;&#xC8FC; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xD55C;&#xD3B8;&#xC73C;&#xB85C;, phytochemicals &#xC8FC;&#xB958; &#xC758;&#xD559;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB110;&#xB9AC; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xB418; &#xACE0; &#xC218;&#xB9CE;&#xC740; &#xC870;&#xAC74; (&#xC554; &#xB4F1;)&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; 1 &#xCC28; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC; &#xC804;&#xB7B5;&#xC744; &#xAD6C;&#xC131; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC218;&#xB9CE;&#xC740; &#xAE30;&#xC874;&#xC758; &#xC57D;&#xBB3C;&#xC5D0; &#xC0C1;&#xC2B9; &#xC900;. &#xC774; &#xB9AC;&#xBDF0;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; phytochemicals &#xC885;&#xC591;&#xD559; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xD1B5;&#xD569;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC77C;&#xBC18;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC548;&#xC804; &#xACE0;&#xB824; &#xC0AC;&#xD56D;&#xC744; &#xC124;&#xBA85; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC778;&#xAE30; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xC2DD;&#xBB3C; &#xAE30;&#xBC18; &#xC554; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC;&#xC758; &#xC9C0;&#xC6D0; &#xC99D;&#xAC70; &#xBC0F; &#xC548;&#xC804; &#xC6B0;&#xB824; &#xB610;&#xD55C; &#xC694;&#xC57D; &#xB41C;&#xB2E4;. &#xB9C8;&#xC9C0;&#xB9C9;&#xC73C;&#xB85C;, &#xC2DD;&#xBB3C; &#xAE30;&#xC6D0;&#xACFC; &#xC124;&#xB9BD; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xC2E0;&#xD765; &#xC554; &#xC57D;&#xBB3C;&#xC758; &#xAC04;&#xB7B5; &#xD55C; &#xAC1C;&#xC694;&#xB97C; &#xC81C;&#xACF5; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Phytochemicals &#xC885;&#xC591;&#xD559; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;.

&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x7269;&#x8D28; &mdash; &mdash; &#x690D;&#x7269; &mdash; &mdash; &#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x4E2D;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x4E3E;&#x884C;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x533B;&#x7597;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;&#x836F;&#x54C1;&#x7684;&#x4F9D;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x3002;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x539F;&#x53D1;&#x6027;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x9884;&#x9632;&#x6216;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5E38;&#x89C4;&#x7597;&#x6CD5; &mdash; &mdash; &#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x6548;&#x529B;&#x6216;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x517C;&#x804C;&#x6559;&#x6388;&#x3002;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x4E86;&#x4F17;&#x591A;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x836F;&#x7269;&#xFF0C;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4E3B;&#x6D41;&#x533B;&#x5B66;&#x548C;&#x64B0;&#x5199;&#x4F17;&#x591A;&#x6761;&#x4EF6; (&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x764C;&#x75C7;) &#x7684;&#x521D;&#x7EA7;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x6B21;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x80BF;&#x7624;&#x79D1;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x4E8B;&#x9879;&#x3002;&#x53D7;&#x6B22;&#x8FCE;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x7684;&#x764C;&#x75C7;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x7684;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x8BC1;&#x636E;&#x548C;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x4E5F;&#x5C06;&#x6C47;&#x603B;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7B80;&#x8981;&#x6982;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x8D77;&#x6E90;&#x4E0E;&#x65E2;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x548C;&#x65B0;&#x5174;&#x7684;&#x6297;&#x764C;&#x836F;&#x7269;&#x3002;

&#x5728;&#x80BF;&#x7624;&#x79D1;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#x8349;&#x672C;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x3002;

Phytochemicals--the bioactive compounds found in plants--not only hold historical significance in various medical traditions, but also form the basis of many modern-day drugs. Phytochemicals are often used for primary disease prevention or as adjuncts to conventional therapies--despite uncertain effectiveness or safety. On the other hand, phytochemicals have given rise to numerous conventional drugs, which are widely used in mainstream medicine and compose the primary therapeutic strategies for numerous conditions (including cancer). In this review, we will discuss general safety considerations for integrating phytochemicals in the oncology setting. The supportive evidence and safety concerns of popular plant-based cancer therapies will also be summarized. Finally, a brief overview of the established and emerging anticancer drugs with botanical origins will be provided.

Phytochemicals in the oncology setting.

Compos&eacute;s phytochimiques--les compos&eacute;s bioactifs pr&eacute;sents dans les plantes--non seulement tenir une signification historique dans les diverses traditions m&eacute;dicales, mais aussi forme la base de nombreux m&eacute;dicaments modernes. Compos&eacute;s phytochimiques sont souvent utilis&eacute;s pour la pr&eacute;vention des maladies primaires ou comme compl&eacute;ments aux th&eacute;rapies conventionnelles--malgr&eacute; une efficacit&eacute; incertaine ou la s&eacute;curit&eacute;. En revanche, compos&eacute;s phytochimiques ont donn&eacute; lieu &agrave; nombreux m&eacute;dicaments classiques, qui sont largement utilis&eacute;s dans la m&eacute;decine traditionnelle et de composent les principales strat&eacute;gies th&eacute;rapeutiques pour nombreuses conditions (y compris le cancer). Dans cette revue, nous discuterons des consid&eacute;rations de s&eacute;curit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;rales pour l&#39;int&eacute;gration de produits phytochimiques dans le cadre de l&#39;oncologie. Les pr&eacute;occupations de s&eacute;curit&eacute; et les &eacute;l&eacute;ments de preuve favorables des th&eacute;rapies contre le cancer &agrave; base de plantes populaires seront &eacute;galement r&eacute;sum&eacute;es. Enfin, un bref aper&ccedil;u des m&eacute;dicaments anticanc&eacute;reuses &eacute;tablis et &eacute;mergents dont les origines botaniques est fourni.

Les compos&eacute;s phytochimiques dans le cadre de l&#39;oncologie.

Phytochemicals--halten die bioaktiven Verbindungen fanden in Pflanzen--nicht nur historischen Bedeutung in verschiedenen medizinischen Traditionen, sondern auch die Grundlage f&uuml;r viele moderne Medikamente bilden. Sekund&auml;re Pflanzenstoffe werden h&auml;ufig f&uuml;r prim&auml;re Pr&auml;vention oder als Erg&auml;nzung zu herk&ouml;mmlichen Therapien--trotz fragw&uuml;rdiger Wirksamkeit oder Sicherheit. Auf der anderen Seite haben sekund&auml;re Pflanzenstoffe zu zahlreiche konventionelle Medikamente gef&uuml;hrt, die sind weit verbreitet in der Schulmedizin und die prim&auml;ren therapeutischen Strategien f&uuml;r zahlreiche Bedingungen (einschlie&szlig;lich Krebs) zu komponieren. In diesem Bericht besprechen wir allgemeine Sicherheitshinweise f&uuml;r die Integration von sekund&auml;ren Pflanzenstoffen in der Onkologie-Einstellung. Die unterst&uuml;tzenden Beweise und Sicherheitsbedenken beliebte pflanzliche Krebstherapien werden auch zusammengefasst werden. Schlie&szlig;lich wird eine kurze &Uuml;bersicht &uuml;ber die etablierten und aufstrebenden Krebsmedikamente mit botanische Herkunft gestellt.

Sekund&auml;re Pflanzenstoffe in der Onkologie-Einstellung.

Sostanze fitochimiche - i composti bioattivi presenti nelle piante - non solo tengono significato storico in varie tradizioni mediche, ma anche forma la base di molti farmaci di moderno-giorno. Sostanze fitochimiche sono spesso utilizzati per la prevenzione di malattia primaria o come appendici per terapie convenzionali - nonostante l&#39;incerta efficacia o sicurezza. D&#39;altra parte, sostanze fitochimiche hanno dato origine a numerosi farmaci convenzionali, che sono ampiamente usati nella medicina tradizionale e compongono le strategie terapeutiche primarie per numerose condizioni (tra cui il cancro). In questa recensione, si discuter&agrave; di considerazioni generali di sicurezza per l&#39;integrazione di sostanze fitochimiche in ambito oncologico. Anche le preoccupazioni di sicurezza e prove solidale di terapie antitumorali di origine vegetale popolare verranno riepilogate. Infine, sar&agrave; fornita una breve panoramica dei farmaci antitumorali con origini botaniche affermati ed emergenti.

Phytochemicals in ambito oncologico.

&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C8;&#x30B1;&#x30DF;&#x30AB;&#x30EB;----&#x3060;&#x3051;&#x3067;&#x306A;&#x304F;&#x3001;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x306B;&#x898B;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x5404;&#x7A2E;&#x306E;&#x533B;&#x7642;&#x306E;&#x4F1D;&#x7D71;&#x304C;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x591A;&#x304F;&#x306E;&#x73FE;&#x4EE3;&#x85AC;&#x306E;&#x57FA;&#x790E;&#x3092;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x306E;&#x6B74;&#x53F2;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x7FA9;&#x306B;&#x3064;&#x3044;&#x3066;&#x3092;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;Phytochemicals &#x306F;&#x3001;&#x3057;&#x3070;&#x3057;&#x3070;&#x4E3B;&#x306A;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x306E;&#x4E88;&#x9632;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x306F;&#x4E0D;&#x78BA;&#x5B9F;&#x306A;&#x6709;&#x52B9;&#x6027;&#x3084;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x6027;&#x306B;&#x3082;&#x304B;&#x304B;&#x308F;&#x3089;&#x305A; &#x2015; &#x5F93;&#x6765;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x306B;&#x88DC;&#x52A9;&#x7642;&#x6CD5;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x305D;&#x306E;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;&#x3067;&#x3001;phytochemicals &#x306F;&#x4E3B;&#x6D41;&#x306E;&#x85AC;&#x3067;&#x5E83;&#x304F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3001;&#x30D7;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30DE;&#x30EA;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x6226;&#x7565; (&#x304C;&#x3093;&#x306A;&#x3069;&#xFF09; &#x591A;&#x6570;&#x306E;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x3092;&#x69CB;&#x6210;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x306E;&#x5F93;&#x6765;&#x306E;&#x85AC;&#x306B;&#x4E0A;&#x6607;&#x3092;&#x4E0E;&#x3048;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x7DCF;&#x8AAC;&#x3067;&#x306F;, &#x816B;&#x760D;&#x8A2D;&#x5B9A;&#x4E2D;&#x306E;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C8;&#x30B1;&#x30DF;&#x30AB;&#x30EB;&#x306E;&#x7D71;&#x5408;&#x306E;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x8003;&#x616E;&#x4E8B;&#x9805;&#x306B;&#x3064;&#x3044;&#x3066;&#x8AAC;&#x660E;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x4EBA;&#x6C17;&#x306E;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x30D9;&#x30FC;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x304C;&#x3093;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x6CD5;&#x306E;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x8A3C;&#x62E0;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x306E;&#x61F8;&#x5FF5;&#x3082;&#x96C6;&#x7D04;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x5F8C;&#x306B;&#x3001;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x8D77;&#x6E90;&#x3092;&#x8A2D;&#x7ACB;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x65B0;&#x305F;&#x306A;&#x6297;&#x304C;&#x3093;&#x5264;&#x306E;&#x7C21;&#x5358;&#x306A;&#x6982;&#x8981;&#x304C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30C8;&#x30B1;&#x30DF;&#x30AB;&#x30EB;&#x816B;&#x760D;&#x306E;&#x8A2D;&#x5B9A;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3002;

Fitoqu&iacute;micos--los compuestos bioactivos que se encuentran en las plantas--no s&oacute;lo tienen importancia hist&oacute;rica en varias tradiciones m&eacute;dicas, pero tambi&eacute;n forma la base de muchos f&aacute;rmacos modernos. Fitoqu&iacute;micos se utilizan a menudo para la prevenci&oacute;n de la enfermedad primaria o como complementos a las terapias convencionales--a pesar de la seguridad o efectividad incierta. Por otra parte, fitoqu&iacute;micos han dado lugar a numerosos medicamentos convencionales, que son ampliamente utilizados en la medicina convencional y componen las estrategias terap&eacute;uticas primarias para numerosas afecciones (incluyendo c&aacute;ncer). En esta revisi&oacute;n, discutiremos las consideraciones generales de seguridad para la integraci&oacute;n de fitoqu&iacute;micos en el &aacute;mbito de la oncolog&iacute;a. Las preocupaciones de seguridad y pruebas apoya de tratamientos contra el c&aacute;ncer de origen vegetal popular tambi&eacute;n se resumir&aacute;. Por &uacute;ltimo, se proporcionar&aacute; una breve descripci&oacute;n de los f&aacute;rmacos anticancerosos establecidos y emergentes con origen bot&aacute;nico.

Fitoqu&iacute;micos en el &aacute;mbito de la oncolog&iacute;a.

&#x8FD9;&#x4EFD;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8BC1;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x8BC4;&#x4EF7;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E66;&#x9762;&#x548C;&#x7EDF;&#x8BA1;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x7684;&#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x6587;&#x732E;&#x3001; &#x4E13;&#x5BB6;&#x610F;&#x89C1;&#x3001; &#x6C11;&#x4FD7;&#x5148;&#x4F8B;&#x3001; &#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x3001; &#x836F;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x3001; &#x52A8;&#x529B;&#x5B66;/&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x3001; &#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#x3001; &#x4E0D;&#x5229;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x3001; &#x6BD2;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#xFF0C;&#x548C;&#x52A0;&#x836F;&#x3002;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;&#x51C6;&#x5907;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x4E5D;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x601D;&#x5065;&#x3001; CANCERLIT&#x3001; CINAHL&#x3001; CISCOM&#x3001; Cochrane &#x56FE;&#x4E66;&#x9986;&#x3001; EMBASE&#x3001; HerbMed&#x3001; &#x56FD;&#x9645;&#x836F;&#x5B66;&#x6587;&#x6458;&#x3001; &#x7F8E;&#x8054;&#x3001; &#x548C; NAPRALERT &#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x3002;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x3001; &#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x548C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5217;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x4E49;&#x8BCD;&#x3002;&#x624B;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x8FDB;&#x884C; 20 &#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x671F;&#x520A; &#xFF08;&#x4E0D;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x4ECE; 50 &#x6240;&#x9009;&#x8F85;&#x52A9;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x4E66;&#x76EE;&#x3002;&#x65E0;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x662F;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6216;&#x51FA;&#x7248;&#x7269;&#x7684;&#x8D28;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x548C;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x533B;&#x5B66; (CAM) &#x9886;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x534F;&#x5546;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6216;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3002;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6587;&#x5B66;&#x90FD;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x6709;&#x5173;&#x4EBA;&#x7C7B; &#xFF08;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x3001; &#x8D28;&#x91CF;&#x6216;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF09; &#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;&#x3001; &#x52A0;&#x836F;&#xFF0C;&#x8D1F;&#x9762;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x7684;&#x9884;&#x9632;&#x63AA;&#x65BD;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6000;&#x5B55;/&#x54FA;&#x4E73;&#x3001; &#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#x3001; &#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x5316;&#x9A8C;&#x7684;&#x6539;&#x5EFA;&#x548C;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x52A8; &#xFF08;&#x4F53;&#x5916;&#x3001; &#x52A8;&#x7269;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3001; &#x4EBA;&#x7C7B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF09; &#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x542B;/&#x6392;&#x9664;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x88AB;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x3002;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x3002;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x63D0;&#x53D6;&#x548C;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x7531;&#x533B;&#x62A4;&#x4E13;&#x4E1A;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x548C;/&#x6216;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x5B66;&#x672F;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5316; &#xFF08;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5305;&#x542B;/&#x6392;&#x9664;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x548C;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x8D28;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x63AA;&#x65BD;&#xFF09; &#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x6D89;&#x53CA;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4E66;&#x3002;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA1;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x3002;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x76F2;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4E13;&#x95E8;&#x77E5;&#x8BC6;&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x75C5;&#x5B66;&#x53CA;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x7EDF;&#x8BA1;&#x5B66;&#x3001; &#x836F;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x3001; &#x6BD2;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x3001; CAM &#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x548C;&#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x5B9E;&#x8DF5;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x5B66;&#x672F;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x5B66;&#x79D1;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x5B66;&#x9662;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x7F16;&#x8F91;&#x610F;&#x89C1;&#x5206;&#x6B67;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4E09;&#x4F4D;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x59D4;&#x4F1A;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x51B2;&#x7A81;&#xFF0C;&#x548C;&#x54A8;&#x8BE2;&#x4E13;&#x5BB6;&#x65F6;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x8054;&#x7CFB;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6F84;&#x6E05;&#x65F6;&#x3002;

&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8BC1;&#x636E;&#x7684; Systematic Review of Green-Lipped &#x868C; (&#x7FE1;&#x7FE0;&#x8D3B;&#x8D1D;&#x6CEA;&#x5C0F;&#x7BA1;&#xFF09; &#x7531;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684;&#x5408;&#x4F5C;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3002;

This paper is an evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. Search strategy. To prepare each Natural Standard review, electronic searches are conducted in nine databases, including AMED, CANCERLIT, CINAHL, CISCOM, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, HerbMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Medline, and NAPRALERT. Search terms include the common name(s), scientific name(s), and all listed synonyms for each topic. Hand searches are conducted of 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and of bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions are placed on language or quality of publications. Researchers in the field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are consulted for access to additional references or ongoing research. Selection Criteria. All literature is collected pertaining to efficacy in humans (regardless of study design, quality, or language), dosing, precautions, adverse effects, use in pregnancy/lactation, interactions, alteration of laboratory assays, and mechanism of action (in vitro, animal research, human data). Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria are utilized for selection. Data Analysis. Data extraction and analysis are performed by healthcare professionals conducting clinical work and/or research at academic centers, using standardized instruments that pertain to each review section (defining inclusion/exclusion criteria and analytic techniques, including validated measures of study quality). Data are verified by a second reviewer. Review Process. A blinded review is conducted by multidisciplinary research-clinical faculty at major academic centers with expertise in epidemiology and biostatistics, pharmacology, toxicology, CAM research, and clinical practice. In cases of editorial disagreement, a three-member panel of the Editorial Board addresses conflicts, and consults experts when applicable. Authors of studies are contacted when clarification is required.

An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration.

Cet article est un examen syst&eacute;matique fond&eacute;e sur des preuves, y compris une analyse &eacute;crite et statistique de la litt&eacute;rature scientifique, expertise, folklorique pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent, histoire, pharmacologie, cin&eacute;tique/dynamics, interactions, effets ind&eacute;sirables, toxicologie et dosage. Strat&eacute;gie de recherche. Pour pr&eacute;parer chaque examen Natural Standard, les recherches &eacute;lectroniques sont effectu&eacute;es dans neuf bases de donn&eacute;es, y compris AMED, CANCERLIT, CINAHL, CISCOM, la Cochrane Library, EMBASE, HerbMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Medline et NAPRALERT. Termes de recherche incluent les noms communs, noms scientifiques et class&eacute;s tous les synonymes pour chaque sujet. Les recherches de main sont effectu&eacute;es de 20 revues suppl&eacute;mentaires (non index&eacute;es dans les bases de donn&eacute;es communes) et de bibliographies de 50 r&eacute;f&eacute;rences secondaires choisies. Aucune restriction n&#39;est plac&eacute;es sur la langue ou la qualit&eacute; des publications. Chercheurs dans le domaine de la m&eacute;decine compl&eacute;mentaire et alternative (CAM) sont consult&eacute;s pour l&#39;acc&egrave;s aux r&eacute;f&eacute;rences suppl&eacute;mentaires ou des travaux de recherche. Crit&egrave;res de s&eacute;lection. Toute la litt&eacute;rature est collect&eacute;e relatives &agrave; l&#39;efficacit&eacute; chez l&#39;homme (peu importe la conception de l&#39;&eacute;tude, la qualite ou la langue), dosage, pr&eacute;cautions, effets ind&eacute;sirables, utilisez de la grossesse/allaitement, interactions, alt&eacute;ration de tests de laboratoire et le m&eacute;canisme d&#39;action (recherche in vitro, des animale, les donn&eacute;es humaines). Crit&egrave;res d&#39;inclusion/exclusion normalis&eacute;s sont utilis&eacute;s pour la s&eacute;lection. Analyse des donn&eacute;es. Analyse et extraction de donn&eacute;es sont effectu&eacute;es par des professionnels de la sant&eacute; des travaux cliniques et/ou de recherche &agrave; des centres universitaires, &agrave; l&#39;aide de normalis&eacute; des instruments qui se rapportent &agrave; chaque section de l&#39;examen (d&eacute;finissant les crit&egrave;res d&#39;inclusion/exclusion et techniques d&#39;analyse, y compris des mesures de la qualit&eacute; des &eacute;tudes valid&eacute;s). Donn&eacute;es sont v&eacute;rifi&eacute;es par un second r&eacute;viseur. Processus d&#39;examen. Un examen aveugle est men&eacute; par la facult&eacute; de recherche clinique multidisciplinaire aux grands centres universitaires ayant une expertise en &eacute;pid&eacute;miologie et biostatistique, pharmacologie, toxicologie, recherche CAM et la pratique clinique. En cas de d&eacute;saccord &eacute;ditorial, un panel de trois membres du Comit&eacute; de r&eacute;daction r&eacute;sout les conflits et consulte des experts quand il y a lieu. Auteurs d&#39;&eacute;tudes sont contact&eacute;s lorsque des pr&eacute;cisions sont n&eacute;cessaires.

Article	Year
CTCF, a candidate trans-acting factor for X-inactivation choice. Science (New York, N.Y.)\| PubMed ID: 11743158	2002
IGF2: epigenetic regulation and role in development and disease. Cytokine & growth factor reviews\| PubMed ID: 18308616	2008
Chia (Salvia hispanica): a systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. Reviews on recent clinical trials\| PubMed ID: 20028328	2009
Phytochemicals in the oncology setting. Current treatment options in oncology\| PubMed ID: 21116745	2010
An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Journal of dietary supplements\| PubMed ID: 22435354	2009
An evidence-based systematic review of vanadium by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal of dietary supplements\| PubMed ID: 22891992	2012
An evidence-based systematic review of vitamin a by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal of dietary supplements\| PubMed ID: 23157584	2012
Central sensitization as a component of post-deployment syndrome. NeuroRehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 23232159	2012

Wendy Chao

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ArticleTotal : 51	Year
Publication title	2012
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Publication title	2012