the-regimen-cladribine-cytarabine-venetoclax-cav-induces-apoptosis

The Regimen of Cladribine, Cytarabine, and Venetoclax (CAV) Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Enhancing DNA Damage

Patients with primary refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) typically face a poor prognosis. Current chemotherapy regimens do not always ...

The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

Soochow University

Quantification of the FLT3 internal tandem duplication is a reliable marker for monitoring measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutations.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is theoretically the only curative option for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR MDS) patients. However, the management of patients with relapsed disease post allo-HSCT remains a challenge with few standard treatments. Chidamide, a new selective histone deacetylase, has shown synergistic anti-leukemia effect combined with azacitidine in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Herein, we reported a 50-year-old HR MDS patient who experienced molecular relapse post allo-HSCT and was successfully salvaged by preemptive treatment of chidamide combined with azacitidine (CHI-AZA). This patient maintained a deep remission lasting over 2 years by regular maintenance treatment of CHI-AZA, without sever treatment-related adverse events or increased risk of graft versus host disease. This case report demonstrated that double epigenetic regimen of CHI-AZA was effective and tolerable. Formally evaluating this regimen in HR MDS patients post allo-HSCT may be meaningful.

Chidamide combined with azacitidine as a novel double epigenetic preemptive treatment for a myelodysplastic syndrome patient showing molecular relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MR), a high-risk subtype affecting older patients intolerant to intensive chemotherapy. Venetoclax-based regimens are approved for such patients, while studies suggest priming regimens combining aclarubicin, homoharringtonine or idarubicin and low-dose cytarabine with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may replace intensive therapy, while direct comparisons are lacking in two groups. This retrospective study compared venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents (VEN+HMA) and priming regimens in 150 propensity score-matched AML-MR patients. VEN+HMA demonstrated superior overall remission (ORR: 78.7% vs. 60.0%,  = 0.013) and complete remission (CR: 48.0% vs. 21.3%,  < 0.001) rates. Notably, VEN+HMA significantly improved median overall survival (OS: not reached vs. 36.37 months,  = 0.026) and event-free survival (EFS: not reached vs. 7.37 months,  = 0.003). Multivariate analysis confirmed VEN+HMA as an independent predictor of better ORR (OR = 2.855,  = 0.014), OS (HR = 0.449,  = 0.036), and EFS (HR = 0.458,  = 0.003). These findings suggest VEN+HMA may be a preferable low-intensity induction therapy over priming regimens for AML-MR.

Venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents versus priming regimen as the first-line therapy for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Article	Year
Quantification of the FLT3 internal tandem duplication is a reliable marker for monitoring measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutations. Bone marrow transplantation\| PubMed ID: 39658655	2025
Chidamide combined with azacitidine as a novel double epigenetic preemptive treatment for a myelodysplastic syndrome patient showing molecular relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cel... Annals of hematology\| PubMed ID: 39668198	2024
Venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents versus priming regimen as the first-line therapy for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes: a propensity score-mat... Leukemia & lymphoma\| PubMed ID: 41048093	2025
Coexistence of with fusion in an adult patient with acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia & lymphoma\| PubMed ID: 41635094	2026

Xiao-Yu Lyu

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