integration-electroporation-urological-practice-design-evaluation-new

Integration of Electroporation in Urological Practice: Design and Evaluation of a New Transurethral Electrode

Bladder tumors constitute a substantial health challenge, yet advances in the treatment have been few. Electroporation is the use of brief electric pulses ...

University of Copenhagen

Volume measurements of the brain are of interest in the diagnosis of brain pathology. This is particularly so in the investigation hydrocephalus and canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), both of which result in thinning of the cerebral cortex and enlarged ventricles. Volume assessment can be made using computed tomography or more usually magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is, however, some uncertainty in the interpretation of such volume data due to the great variation in skull size and shape seen in dog. In this retrospective study, we examined normal MRI images from 63 dogs <6 years of age. We used a continuous variable, the cranial index (CrI) to indicate skull shape and compared it with MRI volume measurements derived using Cavalieri's principle. We found a negative correlation between CrI and the ratio of cortical to ventricular volume. Breeds with a high CrI (large laterolateral compared to rostrocaudal cranial cavity dimension) had a smaller ratio of cortical to ventricular volume (low C:V ratio) than breeds with lower CrI skull types. It is important to consider this effect of skull shape on the relative volume estimates of the cerebral cortex and ventricles when trying to establish if pathology is present.

Effect of Skull Type on the Relative Size of Cerebral Cortex and Lateral Ventricles in Dogs.

C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) using hyperpolarized C-labeled pyruvate as a substrate offers a measure of pyruvate-lactate interconversion and is thereby a marker of the elevated aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) generally exhibited by cancer cells. Here, we aim to compare hyperpolarized [1-C]pyruvate MRS with simultaneous F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET in a cross-sectional study of canine cancer patients.

Combined hyperpolarized C-pyruvate MRS and F-FDG PET (hyperPET) estimates of glycolysis in canine cancer patients.

Here, we developed a symmetric echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) sequence for hyperpolarized C imaging on a clinical hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging system. The pulse sequence uses parallel reconstruction pipelines to separately reconstruct data from odd-and-even gradient echoes to reduce artifacts from gradient imbalances. The ramp-sampled data in the spatiotemporal frequency space are regridded to compensate for the chemical-shift displacements. Unaliasing of nonoverlapping peaks outside of the sampled spectral width was performed to double the effective spectral width. The sequence was compared with conventional phase-encoded chemical-shift imaging (CSI) in phantoms, and it was evaluated in a canine cancer patient with ameloblastoma after injection of hyperpolarized [1-C]pyruvate. The relative signal-to-noise ratio of EPSI with respect to CSI was 0.88, which is consistent with the decrease in sampling efficiency due to ramp sampling. Data regridding in the spatiotemporal frequency space significantly reduced spatial blurring compared with direct fast Fourier transform. EPSI captured the spatial distributions of both metabolites and their temporal dynamics in vivo with an in-plane spatial resolution of 5 × 9 mm and a temporal resolution of 3 seconds. Significantly higher spatial and temporal resolution for delineating anatomical structures in vivo was achieved for EPSI metabolic maps than for CSI maps, which suffered spatiotemporal blurring. The EPSI sequence showed promising results in terms of short acquisition time and sufficient spectral bandwidth of 500 Hz, allowing to adjust the trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio and encoding speed.

Development of a Symmetric Echo-Planar Spectroscopy Imaging Framework for Hyperpolarized C Imaging in a Clinical PET/MR Scanner.

Cancer has a multitude of phenotypic expressions and identifying these are important for correct diagnosis and treatment selection. Clinical molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography can access several of these hallmarks of cancer non-invasively. Recently, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy with [1-C] pyruvate has shown great potential to probe metabolic pathways. Here, we investigate simultaneous dual modality clinical molecular imaging of angiogenesis and deregulated energy metabolism in canine cancer patients.

[Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] PET and hyperpolarized [1-C] pyruvate MRSI (hyperPET) in canine cancer patients: simultaneous imaging of angiogenesis and the Warburg effect.

Computer-based texture analysis provides objective data that can be extracted from medical images, including ultrasound images. One popular methodology involves the generation of a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) from the image, and from that matrix, texture fractures can be extracted.

A survey of testicular texture in canine ultrasound images.

The interest in the use of medical cannabis has increased in recent years in both human and veterinary fields. In Denmark, there are no veterinary-licensed medical cannabis or cannabinoid supplements, and it is illegal to prescribe or sell cannabinoids intended for the treatment of veterinary patients. This study aimed to explore the unlicensed cannabinoid use in Danish dogs, by questioning dog owners about usage, indication for use, way of purchase, and their perceived effect of the cannabinoid treatment. An anonymous online survey was distributed via social media. The total number of respondents were 2,002, of which 38% indicated using or having administered cannabinoids to their dog. The majority of the respondents confirming the use of cannabinoids (93%) had used cannabidiol drops/oil and only few (4%) reported using Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-based products. Most owners (67%) purchased the products online. The three most common indications for use were pain alleviation, behavioural issues, and allergy. When asked about the respondent-perceived effect the majority reported a good or very good effect. The indication with the highest percentage of owner-perceived positive effect (77%) was pain alleviation. This study shows that, despite no licensed veterinary cannabinoid products being available in Denmark, dog owners do supplement their dogs with cannabinoids and the majority of these perceive that the treatment had a positive effect. This supports the need for more evidence-based knowledge in veterinary cannabinoid therapy.

Article	Year
Effect of Skull Type on the Relative Size of Cerebral Cortex and Lateral Ventricles in Dogs. Frontiers in veterinary science\| PubMed ID: 28361057	2017
Combined hyperpolarized C-pyruvate MRS and F-FDG PET (hyperPET) estimates of glycolysis in canine cancer patients. European journal of radiology\| PubMed ID: 29803387	2018
Development of a Symmetric Echo-Planar Spectroscopy Imaging Framework for Hyperpolarized C Imaging in a Clinical PET/MR Scanner. Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)\| PubMed ID: 30320211	2018
[Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] PET and hyperpolarized [1-C] pyruvate MRSI (hyperPET) in canine cancer patients: simultaneous imaging of angiogenesis and the Warburg effect. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging\| PubMed ID: 32621132	2021
A survey of testicular texture in canine ultrasound images. Frontiers in veterinary science\| PubMed ID: 37635758	2023
Danish dog owners' use and the perceived effect of unlicensed cannabis products in dogs. PloS one\| PubMed ID: 38295012	2024

Pernille Holst

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