an-ai-workflow-combining-bidirectional-encoder-representations-from

An AI Workflow Combining Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for Knowledge Retrieval in Digital Enterprises

Large volumes of unstructured organizational data can make it difficult for enterprise knowledge management (KM) systems to extract correct and ...

The National University of Malaysia

Recently, the phenomenon of population ageing and its impact on the insurance industry has garnered increasing global attention. However, a notable gap in scholarly research persists in understanding the nuanced effects of ageing on consumer behaviour and insurance purchase intentions. This study maps the current academic evidence on how ageing influences individual consumers' insurance decisions. Using a scoping review methodology aligned with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, 44 articles out of 1082 from four databases-Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Emerald Insight-are reviewed. The results reveal a rising interest in this research area, with China emerging as a significant contributor. The focus is predominantly on Theory of Planned Behavior, quantitative methods, questionnaire survey, regression analysis, older population, and general health insurance. Variables capturing the impact of ageing, beyond demographic information, include family-related, risk-related, and expectation-related factors. This study highlights the current state of research on ageing's effect on insurance purchase intentions and offers valuable insights and directions for future research.

A scoping review of the impact of ageing on individual consumers' insurance purchase intentions.

Health insurance plays a critical role in reducing financial burdens and improving healthcare access. However, misconceptions about risks and costs often lead to poor decision-making and low coverage, even in major economies. Understanding the factors influencing health insurance purchase intentions is essential for expanding coverage and addressing healthcare disparities. This study systematically reviews these factors to identify key patterns and research gaps.

Health insurance purchase intentions in the past decade: a systematic review and future research directions.

This study examines how societal ageing influences insurance purchasing intentions, addressing the prevailing emphasis on elderly consumers and the limited conceptual integration of ageing within existing behavioural models. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using an initial search (forty-three studies) supplemented by a top-up search in November 2025 that identified fourteen additional articles. Using the theories-contexts-characteristics-methods (TCCM) framework, the review synthesises theoretical, contextual, characteristic, and methodological patterns in this field. The findings indicate that although variables such as risk perception, anticipated dependence, and interpersonal influence are frequently examined, ageing itself is seldom conceptualised as an explanatory construct, constraining theoretical precision and practical relevance. To bridge this gap, the study introduces ageing risks (AR)-capturing perceived financial, health, and intergenerational uncertainties associated with demographic ageing-and illustrates its integration within the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The review highlights the need to validate AR empirically, extend research to non-elderly populations and underexplored regions, and broaden methodological approaches. These contributions strengthen theoretical development and inform more responsive insurance strategies in ageing societies.

Article	Year
A scoping review of the impact of ageing on individual consumers' insurance purchase intentions. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 39309928	2024
Health insurance purchase intentions in the past decade: a systematic review and future research directions. BMC health services research\| PubMed ID: 40457352	2025
The Impact of Societal Ageing on Individual Consumers' Insurance Purchase Intentions: A Review and Research Agenda. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 41595083	2026

Hafizah Omar Zaki

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