clinical-outcomes-anti-vegf-monotherapy-versus-combination-therapy

Clinical Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of blindness involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leakage and inflammation. This ...

Sun Yat-sen University, (State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology), (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science)

Chinese jasmine tea is a type of flower-scented tea, which is produced by mixing green tea with the   flower repeatedly. Both the total amount and composition of volatiles absorbed from the Jasminum sambac flower are mostly responsible for its sensory quality grade. This study aims to compare volatile organic compound (VOC) differences in authoritative jasmine tea grade samples. Automatic thermal desorption-gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (ATD-GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose), followed by multivariate data analysis is conducted. Consequently, specific VOCs with a positive or negative correlation to the grades are screened out. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) show a satisfactory discriminant effect on rank. It is intriguing to find that the E-nose is good at distinguishing the grade difference caused by VOC concentrations but is deficient in identifying essential aromas that attribute to the unique characteristics of excellent grade jasmine tea.

Comparison of Volatiles in Different Jasmine Tea Grade Samples Using Electronic Nose and Automatic Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Followed by Multivariate Statistical Analysis.

White tea has become very popular in recent years, but there has been no scientific identification of white tea from different origins. For product authentication and valorization, every kind of white tea must be marked with an indication of its origin.

Rapid and direct identification of the origin of white tea with proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Blue light extensively regulates multiple physiological processes and secondary metabolism of plants. Although blue light quantity (fluence rate) is important for plant life, few studies have focused on the effects of different blue light intensity on plant secondary metabolism regulation, including tea plants. Here, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of young tea shoots (one bud and two leaves) under three levels of supplemental blue light, including low-intensity blue light (LBL, 50 μmol m s), medium-intensity blue light (MBL, 100 μmol m s), and high-intensity blue light (HBL, 200 μmol m s). The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LBL, MBL and HBL was 1, 7 and 1097, respectively, indicating that high-intensity blue light comprehensively affects the transcription of tea plants. These DEGs were primarily annotated to the pathways of photosynthesis, lipid metabolism and flavonoid synthesis. In addition, the most abundant transcription factor (TF) families in DEGs were bHLH and MYB, which have been shown to be widely involved in the regulation of plant flavonoids. The significantly changed metabolites that we detected contained 15 lipids and 6 flavonoid components. Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that  (TEA001045) may be a hub gene for the regulation of lipid and flavonoid metabolism by blue light. Our results may help to establish a foundation for future research investigating the regulation of woody plants by blue light.

Exploration of the Effects of Different Blue LED Light Intensities on Flavonoid and Lipid Metabolism in Tea Plants via Transcriptomics and Metabolomics.

Abuse of antibiotics makes antibiotic-resistance become a huge challenge in bacterial infection treatment. The discovery of new antibiotics is of great significance to human health. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) was explored. The SCPs isolated from Sparassis crispa was composed of fucose, glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.043 : 0.652: 0.305. Bacteriostatic tests showed SCPs inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus better than Escherichia coli's, and damage to bacteria was observed under scanning electron microscopy. Metabolomic analysis based on HPLC-Q-TOF/MS indicated that SCPs disrupted metabolism of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways in S. aureus. The variations of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 1,3-diphosphoglycerol, succinate and oxaloacetate were significant, whose systematic changes accompanied with decrease of ATP in cells indicated that SCPs could exert antibacterial effects by inducing dysfunction of catabolism and energy metabolism. Our research confirmed the antibacterial properties of SCPs and provided a perspective for understanding antibacterial mechanism of polysaccharides from natural products through metabolomics technology.

Metabolomic analysis of antimicrobial mechanism of polysaccharides from Sparassis crispa based on HPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

It is a common belief in China that aging could improve the quality of white tea. However, the stored-induced compositional changes remain elusive. In this study, ten subsets of white tea samples, which had been stored for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 10-, 11- and 13- years, were selected. Macro-compositions were quantified firstly. As the results showed, it was interesting to find total flavonoids, thearubigins (TRs), and theabrownines (TBs) increasing, accompanied with a gradual decrease of total polyphenols, which suggest a conversion of phenolic component in the aging process. Then, nontargeted metabolomics was further conducted on selected subsets of samples, including 1-, 7- and 13- years stored to profile their conversion. As a result, most different metabolites were related to flavonol glycosides and flavone glycosides, suggesting dynamic phenolic component changes were vital in aging. The partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) also identified them as markers in distinguishing.

Macro-composition quantification combined with metabolomics analysis uncovered key dynamic chemical changes of aging white tea.

Lipids are one of the most important bioactive compounds, affecting the character and quality of tea. However, the contribution of lipids to tea productions is still elusive. Here, we systematically identified the lipid profiles of green, oolong, and black teas in purple-leaf tea (Jinmingzao, JMZ) and green-leaf tea (Huangdan, HD), respectively.

Lipidomics analysis unravels changes from flavor precursors in different processing treatments of purple-leaf tea.

Jiaocheng kucha is the first reported tea germplasm resource which contains theacrine founded in Fujian Province. Currently, the anabolic mechanism of theacrine within tea leaves is clear, but there are few studies focused on its flowers. In order to further explore the mechanism of theacrine synthesis and related genes in flowers, current study applied Jiaocheng kucha flowers (JC) as test materials and Fuding Dabaicha flowers (FD) as control materials to make transcriptome sequencing, and determination of purine alkaloid content in three different developmental periods (flower bud stage, whitening stage and full opening stage). The results showed that the flower in all stages of JC contained theacrine. The theacrine in the flower bud stage was significantly higher than in the other stages. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three different developmental stages were screened from the transcriptome data, and were in a total of 5642, 8640 and 8465. These DEGs related to the synthesis of theacrine were primarily annotated to the pathways of purine alkaloids. Among them, the number of DEGs in xanthine synthesis pathway was the largest and upregulated in JC, while it was the smallest in caffeine synthesis pathway and downregulated in JC. Further weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) indicated that  ( ( () may be a hub gene for the regulation of theacrine metabolism in JC. Our results will contribute to the identification of candidate genes related to the synthesis of theacrine in tea flowers, and explore the molecular mechanism of theacrine synthesis in JC at different developmental stages.

Identification of Co-Expressed Genes Related to Theacrine Synthesis in Tea Flowers at Different Developmental Stages.

Peptides with different lengths or amino sequences could have specific tastes or bio-activities. So far, either the quantity or pattern differences of peptide among various of teas were unknown. Here, firstly, we developed a method for tea oligopeptide quantification and made comparison of their contents. Secondly, we applied ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap-UHRMS) to sequence oligopeptides. As a result, the total amount of oligopeptides in white tea and dark tea were higher, followed by black tea and green tea, finally with oolong tea. It suggested that withering which undergoes with endogenous protease and post-fermented that undergoes with a participation of exotic micro-organisms were key in oligopeptide enrichment. Thirdly, a total of 902 abundant identified peptides, most of which were tripeptide, tetrapeptide, pentapeptide, and hexapeptide were screened against several existing peptide databases. There were a series of taste peptides and bio-active peptides existing.

Quantification, identification and comparison of oligopeptides on five tea categories with different fermentation degree by Kjeldahl method and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry.

Article	Year
Comparison of Volatiles in Different Jasmine Tea Grade Samples Using Electronic Nose and Automatic Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Followed by Multivariate Statistica... Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 31963359
Rapid and direct identification of the origin of white tea with proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM\| PubMed ID: 32415693
Exploration of the Effects of Different Blue LED Light Intensities on Flavonoid and Lipid Metabolism in Tea Plants via Transcriptomics and Metabolomics. International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 32610479
Metabolomic analysis of antimicrobial mechanism of polysaccharides from Sparassis crispa based on HPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Carbohydrate research\| PubMed ID: 33836411
Macro-composition quantification combined with metabolomics analysis uncovered key dynamic chemical changes of aging white tea. Food chemistry\| PubMed ID: 34314928
Lipidomics analysis unravels changes from flavor precursors in different processing treatments of purple-leaf tea. Journal of the science of food and agriculture\| PubMed ID: 34919290
Identification of Co-Expressed Genes Related to Theacrine Synthesis in Tea Flowers at Different Developmental Stages. International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 34948193
Quantification, identification and comparison of oligopeptides on five tea categories with different fermentation degree by Kjeldahl method and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography c... Food chemistry\| PubMed ID: 35033704

Feng Zhao

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