in-ovo-expression-of-microrna-in-ventral-chick-midbrain

<em>In ovo</em> Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain

Non-coding RNAs are additional players in regulating gene expression. Targeted in ovo electroporation of specific areas provides a unique tool for spatial ...

University of Tübingen

Epidemiological research has confirmed the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, but only a few studies considered working conditions in this relationship. This study examined the contribution of physical and psychosocial working conditions in explaining the social gradient in self-rated health.

Socioeconomic status, working conditions and self-rated health in Switzerland: explaining the gradient in men and women.

Assisted suicide is permitted in Switzerland provided that assistance is not motivated by selfish reasons. Suicides are commonly performed with the assistance of right-to-die organisations and the use of a lethal dose of barbiturates prescribed by a participating physician. We examined the reasons physicians provided for writing the prescription and the reasons patients gave for requesting assistance in dying.

Reasons why people in Switzerland seek assisted suicide: the view of patients and physicians.

Objective: Several studies have shown that social relationships are associated with health care use. This study aims to test if and to which extent a proximal element of social relationships, particularly living together with a partner, influences the health care utilisation in the same way as a distal element such as group membership. Methods: On the basis of a representative random sample of a southern German population (4856 participants), the associations were assessed between the following groups of variables: number of consultations with the general practitioner or internists, type of social relationships (living with a partner, friends, relatives, group memberships), need (evaluated and perceived health status), socio-demographic variables. Results: All analyses showed associations between living with a partner and health care utilisation. Individuals living with a partner had lower levels of utilisation than individuals not living with a partner (mean: 4.3 vs. 5.2). These associations persisted after controlling for socio-demographic and need variables. For the other indicators of social relationships, though, there were no significant associations with outpatient visits. Conclusions: Distinguishing between different types of social relationships is important for disentangling the overall effects of social relationships on health care utilisation. Also, the empirical findings confirm that health care research should not be restricted to medical variables, but should also include psycho-social factors.

Living with a partner and health care use - results from the MONICA survey Augsburg in Southern Germany.

["Same procedure as every year?": Cost increase in Public Health].

To investigate the demand for traditional out-of-hours general practitioner (GP) emergency care in Switzerland including GPs' satisfaction and reasons for encounter (RFE).

Out-of-hours demand in primary care: frequency, mode of contact and reasons for encounter in Switzerland.

In Switzerland, General Practitioners (GPs) play an important role for out-of-hours emergency care as one service option beside freely accessible and costly emergency departments of hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the services provided and the economic consequences of a Swiss GP out-of-hours service.

The provision of out-of-hours care and associated costs in an urban area of Switzerland: a cost description study.

Placebos play an important role in clinical trials and several surveys have shown that they are also common in daily practice. Previous research focused primarily on the frequency of placebo use in outpatient care. Our aim was to explore physicians' views on the use of placebos in daily practice, whereby distinction was made between pure placebos (substances with no pharmacological effect, e.g. sugar pills) and impure placebos (substances with pharmacological effect but not on the condition being treated, e.g. antibiotics in viral infections or vitamins).

The use of pure and impure placebo interventions in primary care - a qualitative approach.

Several studies have assessed the effect of cost sharing on health service utilization (HSU), mostly in the USA. Results are heterogeneous, showing different effects. Whereas previous studies compared insurants within one health care system but different modes of insurance, we aimed at comparing two different health care systems in Europe: Germany and Switzerland. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of cost sharing depending on socio-demographic factors as well as health status.

Effects of cost sharing on seeking outpatient care: a propensity-matched study in Germany and Switzerland.

Emergency Departments (ED) in Switzerland are faced with increasing numbers of patients seeking non-urgent treatment. The high rate of walks-ins with conditions that may be treated in primary care has led to suggestions that those patients would best cared for in a community setting rather than in a hospital. Efficient reorganisation of emergency care tailored to patients needs requires information on the patient populations using the various emergency services currently available. The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences between the characteristics of walk-in patients seeking treatment at an ED and those of patients who use traditional out-of-hours GP (General Practitioner) services provided by a GP-Cooperative (GP-C).

Walk-ins seeking treatment at an emergency department or general practitioner out-of-hours service: a cross-sectional comparison.

In previous years, out- of-hours primary care has been organised in large-scale organisations in many countries. This may have lowered the threshold for many patients to present health problems at nights and during the weekend. Comparisons of out-of-hours care between countries require internationally comparable figures on symptoms and diagnoses, which were not available. This study aimed to describe the symptoms and diagnoses in out-of-hours primary care services in regions in eight European countries.

Diagnostic scope in out-of-hours primary care services in eight European countries: an observational study.

The worldwide increase in obesity is becoming a major health concern. General practitioners (GPs) play a central role in managing obesity. We aimed to examine Swiss GPs self-reported practice in diagnosis and treatment of obesity with a special focus on the performance of waist measurement.

Obesity management and continuing medical education in primary care: results of a Swiss survey.

Prevention is a challenging area of primary care. In Switzerland, little is known about attitudes to and performance of screening and prevention services in general practice. To implement prevention services in primary care it is important to know about not only potential facilitators but also barriers. Primary care encompasses the activities of general practitioners, including those with particular interest and/or specializations (eg, pediatrics, gynecology). The aim of this study was to review all studies with a focus on prevention services which have been conducted in Switzerland and to reveal barriers and facilitators for physicians to participate in any preventive measures.

Screening and prevention in Swiss primary care: a systematic review.

To predict future medical expenditures, health care utilization, and mortality in Switzerland using an updated chronic disease score (CDS), a chronic morbidity measure based on pharmacy data.

Article	Year
Socioeconomic status, working conditions and self-rated health in Switzerland: explaining the gradient in men and women. International journal of public health\| PubMed ID: 19142580	2009
Reasons why people in Switzerland seek assisted suicide: the view of patients and physicians. Swiss medical weekly\| PubMed ID: 19529991	2009
Living with a partner and health care use - results from the MONICA survey Augsburg in Southern Germany. Psycho-social medicine\| PubMed ID: 19742289	2007
["Same procedure as every year?": Cost increase in Public Health]. Praxis\| PubMed ID: 20112460	2009
Out-of-hours demand in primary care: frequency, mode of contact and reasons for encounter in Switzerland. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice\| PubMed ID: 20831666	2011
The provision of out-of-hours care and associated costs in an urban area of Switzerland: a cost description study. BMC family practice\| PubMed ID: 21171989	2010
The use of pure and impure placebo interventions in primary care - a qualitative approach. BMC family practice\| PubMed ID: 21435197	2011
Effects of cost sharing on seeking outpatient care: a propensity-matched study in Germany and Switzerland. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice\| PubMed ID: 21518398	2012
Walk-ins seeking treatment at an emergency department or general practitioner out-of-hours service: a cross-sectional comparison. BMC health services research\| PubMed ID: 21554685	2011
Diagnostic scope in out-of-hours primary care services in eight European countries: an observational study. BMC family practice\| PubMed ID: 21569483	2011
Obesity management and continuing medical education in primary care: results of a Swiss survey. BMC family practice\| PubMed ID: 22192159	2011
Screening and prevention in Swiss primary care: a systematic review. International journal of general medicine\| PubMed ID: 22267938	2011
Improved prediction of medical expenditures and health care utilization using an updated chronic disease score and claims data. Journal of clinical epidemiology\| PubMed ID: 23845184	2013

Carola Huber

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