mouse-short-long-term-locomotor-activity-analyzed-video-tracking

Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Locomotor  activity (LMA) is a simple and easily performed measurement of behavior in mice  and other rodents. Improvements in video tracking software ...

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Dans le contexte clinique, des expositions r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute;es (10-30) &agrave; faible doses de rayonnements ionisants (&le;200 cGy), comme on le voit en radioth&eacute;rapie pour le cancer, provoque la fatigue. Presque sait rien, cependant, la fatigue, induisant des effets d&#39;une exposition unique &agrave; environnementale faible dose des rayonnements ionisants qui pourraient se produire pendant le vol de haute altitude a&eacute;rien commercial, un accident de r&eacute;acteur nucl&eacute;aire ou un &eacute;v&eacute;nement de particules solaires (SPE). Pour &eacute;tudier l&#39;impact &agrave; court terme des radiations ionisantes faible dose sur la souris biobehaviors et neuroimmunity, souris CD-1 m&acirc;les ont &eacute;t&eacute; irradi&eacute; avec cGy 50 ou 200 cGy des rayonnements gamma ou proton tout le corps. Rayonnement gamma a &eacute;t&eacute; trouv&eacute; pour r&eacute;duire l&#39;activit&eacute; locomotrice spontan&eacute;e de 35 % et 36 %, respectivement, l&#39;irradiation apr&egrave;s 6 h. En revanche, le comportement motiv&eacute; d&#39;exploration sociale a &eacute;t&eacute; un-impacted par les rayons gamma. Examen de la transcription des g&egrave;nes des cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans le cerveau ont montr&eacute; que le rayonnement gamma augmentait hippocampe expression de TNF-&alpha;, d&egrave;s post-irradiation 4 h. C&#39;est coupl&eacute;e &agrave; des hausses subs&eacute;quentes IL-1RA (8 et 12 h apr&egrave;s irradiation) dans le cortex et l&#39;hippocampe et la diminution des activit&eacute;s associ&eacute;es au cytosquelette prot&eacute;ine r&eacute;gul&eacute;e (Arc) (irradiation de poste 24 h) dans le cortex. Enfin, le stress de retenue &eacute;tait un important modulateur de la r&eacute;ponse neuro-immune aux rayonnements bloquant la capacit&eacute; de 200 cGy gamma rayonnement portant atteinte &agrave; l&#39;activit&eacute; locomotrice et alt&eacute;rer la r&eacute;ponse inflammatoire &agrave; une irradiation, ax&eacute;e sur le cerveau. Pris ensemble, ces r&eacute;sultats indiquent que les rayonnements ionisants faible dose active rapidement le syst&egrave;me neuro-immunitaire, causant potentiellement des premiers sympt&ocirc;mes de fatigue comme apparition chez la souris.

L&#39;impact biobehavioral et neuro-immune des rayonnements ionisants &agrave; faible dose.

In the clinical setting, repeated exposures (10-30) to low-doses of ionizing radiation (â‰¤200 cGy), as seen in radiotherapy for cancer, causes fatigue. Almost nothing is known, however, about the fatigue inducing effects of a single exposure to environmental low-dose ionizing radiation that might occur during high-altitude commercial air flight, a nuclear reactor accident or a solar particle event (SPE). To investigate the short-term impact of low-dose ionizing radiation on mouse biobehaviors and neuroimmunity, male CD-1 mice were whole body irradiated with 50 cGy or 200 cGy of gamma or proton radiation. Gamma radiation was found to reduce spontaneous locomotor activity by 35% and 36%, respectively, 6 h post irradiation. In contrast, the motivated behavior of social exploration was un-impacted by gamma radiation. Examination of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene transcripts in the brain demonstrated that gamma radiation increased hippocampal TNF-Î± expression as early as 4 h post-irradiation. This was coupled to subsequent increases in IL-1RA (8 and 12 h post irradiation) in the cortex and hippocampus and reductions in activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) (24 h post irradiation) in the cortex. Finally, restraint stress was a significant modulator of the neuroimmune response to radiation blocking the ability of 200 cGy gamma radiation from impairing locomotor activity and altering the brain-based inflammatory response to irradiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that low-dose ionizing radiation rapidly activates the neuroimmune system potentially causing early onset fatigue-like symptoms in mice.

The biobehavioral and neuroimmune impact of low-dose ionizing radiation.

In ambito clinico, ripetute esposizioni (10-30) a basse dosi di radiazioni ionizzanti (&le;200 cGy), come si &egrave; visto in radioterapia per cancro, causa stanchezza. Quasi nulla si conosce, tuttavia, la fatica che inducono effetti di una singola esposizione ambientale radiazioni ionizzanti basso dosaggio che potrebbero verificarsi durante il volo aereo commerciale ad alta quota, un incidente del reattore nucleare o un evento di particelle solari (SPE). Per analizzare l&#39;impatto a breve termine delle radiazioni ionizzanti basso-dose sul mouse biobehaviors e neuroimmunity, CD-1 topi maschi sono stato irradiato con 50 cGy o 200 cGy di raggi gamma o protone tutto il corpo. Radiazione gamma &egrave; stato trovato per ridurre attivit&agrave; spontanea dell&#39;apparato locomotore del 35% e 36%, rispettivamente, irradiazione post 6 h. Al contrario, il comportamento motivato di esplorazione sociale era un-impacted da radiazioni gamma. Esame delle trascrizioni genica delle citochine pro-infiammatorie nel cervello hanno dimostrato che radiazioni gamma aumentata espressione di TNF-&alpha; hippocampal fin dal post-irradiation 4 h. Questo &egrave; stato accoppiato a successivi aumenti di IL-1RA (8 e 12 h post irradiazione) nell&#39;ippocampo e corteccia e riduzioni di attivit&agrave; regolamentate citoscheletro-associated protein (Arc) (irradiazione di post 24 h) nella corteccia. Infine, lo stress moderazione era un significativo modulatore della risposta neuroimmune alle radiazioni bloccando la capacit&agrave; di 200 cGy di raggi da ostacolando attivit&agrave; locomotorie e alterando la risposta infiammatoria basata sul cervello di irradiazione. Presi insieme, questi risultati indicano che radiazioni ionizzanti basso-dose attiva rapidamente il sistema di neuroimmune causando potenzialmente precoce insorgenza fatica-come i sintomi nei topi.

L&#39;impatto delle radiazioni ionizzanti basso-dose biocomportamentale e neuroimmune.

Use of individually ventilated caging (IVC) systems for mouse-based laboratory investigation has dramatically increased. We found that without mice present, intra-cage oxygen concentration was comparable (21%) between IVC housing and ambient environment caging (AEC) that used wire top lids. However, when mice were housed 4-to-a-cage for 1week, intra-cage oxygen dropped to 20.5% in IVC housing as compared to 21% for AEC housing. IVC intra-cage humidity was also elevated relative to AEC housing. Mice raised in IVC housing as compared to mice raised in AEC housing had higher RBC mass, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations. They also had elevated platelet counts but lower white blood cell counts. IVC mice, relative to AEC mice, had increased saccharin preference and increased fluid consumption but similar locomotion, food intake, social exploration and novel object recognition when tested in an AEC environment. Taken together, these data indicate that ventilated caging systems can have a 0.5% reduction from ambient oxygen concentration that is coupled to mouse red blood cell indices indicative of chronic exposure to a hypoxia. Importantly, IVC housing can impact behavioral testing for depressive-like behavior.

Individually ventilated cages cause chronic low-grade hypoxia impacting mice hematologically and behaviorally.

Utilisation de syst&egrave;mes de mise en cage individuelle ventil&eacute;e (IVC) pour enqu&ecirc;te ax&eacute;e sur les souris de laboratoire a consid&eacute;rablement augment&eacute;. Nous avons constat&eacute; que sans souris pr&eacute;sentes, concentration en oxyg&egrave;ne intra-cage &eacute;tait comparable (21 %) entre le logement de l&#39;IVC et environnement ambiant encagement couvercles (AEC) cette top du fil utilis&eacute;. Cependant, lorsque les souris &eacute;taient log&eacute; 4-&agrave;-un-cage pour 1 semaine, oxyg&egrave;ne intra-cage a chut&eacute; de 20,5 % dans le logement de IVC comparativement &agrave; 21 % pour le logement de l&#39;AEC. Humidit&eacute; intra-cage IVC &eacute;tait &eacute;galement &eacute;lev&eacute;e par rapport au logement de l&#39;AEC. Souris soulev&eacute;es dans le logement de IVC par rapport aux souris soulev&eacute;es dans le logement de l&#39;AEC avaient plus &eacute;lev&eacute; RBC de masse, les concentrations de l&#39;h&eacute;matocrite et l&#39;h&eacute;moglobine. Ils ont &eacute;galement &eacute;lev&eacute; des num&eacute;rations plaquettaires mais des lymphocytes de sang blanc inf&eacute;rieur. Souris IVC, par rapport &agrave; des souris de l&#39;AEC, avaient augment&eacute; de pr&eacute;f&eacute;rence de la saccharine et consommation de liquide mais locomotion semblable, la prise alimentaire, exploration sociale et reconnaissance d&#39;objets nouveaux lorsqu&#39;il est test&eacute; dans un environnement d&#39;AEC. Ensemble, ces donn&eacute;es indiquent que les syst&egrave;mes de mise en cage ventil&eacute;es peuvent avoir une r&eacute;duction de 0,5 % de la concentration d&#39;oxyg&egrave;ne qui est coupl&eacute;e aux indices de globules rouges de souris indicatives d&#39;une exposition chronique &agrave; une hypoxie. Ce qui est important, logement IVC peut avoir des r&eacute;percussions des tests comportementaux pour comportement d&eacute;pressif.

Cages individuellement ventil&eacute;es provoquent l&#39;hypoxie chronique bas grade impactant souris h&eacute;matologique et sur le plan comportemental.

Uso di sistemi individualmente ventilato ingabbiamento (IVC) per indagini di laboratorio basate sul mouse &egrave; aumentato drammaticamente. Abbiamo trovato che senza topi presenti, concentrazione di ossigeno intra-gabbia era paragonabile (21%) tra IVC alloggiamento e ambiente ambiente ingabbiamento coperchi (AEC) che top filo usato. Tuttavia, quando i topi erano alloggiato 4-a-a-gabbia per 1 settimana, ossigeno intra-gabbia &egrave; scesa al 20,5% in alloggiamento IVC rispetto al 21% per le abitazioni di AEC. Umidit&agrave; intra-gabbia IVC venne anche elevato rispetto alloggiamento AEC. Topi sollevati nell&#39;alloggiamento IVC rispetto ai topi sollevate nell&#39;alloggiamento AEC erano superiore RBC di massa, concentrazioni di ematocrito ed emoglobina. Hanno anche avuto elevata conta piastrinica ma conta inferiori di globuli bianchi. IVC topi, rispetto a topi AEC, avevano aumentato la preferenza di saccarina e aumentato consumo di liquido ma simile alla locomozione, assunzione di cibo, esplorazione sociale e riconoscimento oggetto romanzo quando testato in un ambiente di AEC. Presi insieme, questi dati indicano che sistemi di messa in gabbia ventilati possono avere una riduzione di 0,5% dalla concentrazione di ossigeno ambientale che &egrave; accoppiato a indici di globuli rossi del mouse indicativi dell&#39;esposizione cronica ad un&#39;ipossia. Soprattutto, alloggiamento IVC pu&ograve; avere un impatto test comportamentali per comportamenti simil-depressivi.

Gabbie individualmente ventilate causano ipossia cronica lieve impatto topi hematologically e comportamentale.

The field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) aims to uncover the processes and consequences of nervous, immune, and endocrine system relationships. Behavior is a consequence of such interactions and manifests from a complex interweave of factors including immune-to-neural and neural-to-immune communication. Often the signaling molecules involved during a particular episode of neuroimmune activation are not known but behavioral response provides evidence that bioactives such as neurotransmitters and cytokines are perturbed. Immunobehavioral phenotyping is a first-line approach when examining the neuroimmune system and its reaction to immune stimulation or suppression. Behavioral response is significantly more sensitive than direct measurement of a single specific bioactive and can quickly and efficiently rule in or out relevance of a particular immune challenge or therapeutic to neuroimmunity. Classically, immunobehavioral research was focused on sickness symptoms related to bacterial infection but neuroimmune activation is now a recognized complication of diseases and disorders ranging from cancer to diabesity. Immunobehaviors include lethargy, loss of appetite, and disinterest in social activity and the surrounding environment. In addition, neuroimmune activation can precipitate feelings of depression and anxiety while negatively impacting cognitive function and physical activity. Provided is a detailed overview of behavioral tests frequently used to examine neuroimmune activation in mice with a special emphasis on preexperimental conditions that can confound or prevent successful immunobehavioral experimentation.

Mouse testing methods in psychoneuroimmunology: an overview of how to measure sickness, depressive/anxietal, cognitive, and physical activity behaviors.

Le domaine de la psychoneuroimmunologie (PNI) a pour but de d&eacute;couvrir les processus et les cons&eacute;quences des relations du syst&egrave;me nerveux, immunitaire et endocrinien. Comportement est une cons&eacute;quence de ces interactions et manifestes d&#39;un entrelacs complexe de facteurs, notamment la communication immunitaire-&agrave;-neurale et neurones-&agrave;-immunitaires. Souvent les mol&eacute;cules de signalisation impliqu&eacute;es au cours d&#39;un &eacute;pisode particulier de neuro-immune activation ne sont pas connus mais la r&eacute;ponse comportementale apporte la preuve que compos&eacute;s bioactifs tels que les neurotransmetteurs et cytokines sont perturb&eacute;es. Immunobehavioral ph&eacute;notypage est une approche de premi&egrave;re ligne lorsqu&#39;il a examin&eacute; le syst&egrave;me neuro-immune et sa r&eacute;action &agrave; la stimulation immunitaire ou de la r&eacute;pression. R&eacute;ponse comportementale est nettement plus sensible que la mesure d&#39;une unique sp&eacute;cifique bioactif directe et peuvent rapidement et efficacement la r&egrave;gle dedans ou dehors la pertinence d&#39;un d&eacute;fi particulier immunitaire ou th&eacute;rapeutiques &agrave; neuroimmunity. Classiquement, immunobehavioral s&#39;int&eacute;ressait particuli&egrave;rement &agrave; des sympt&ocirc;mes de maladie li&eacute;es &agrave; une infection bact&eacute;rienne mais activation neuro-immune est une complication reconnue des maladies et des troubles allant du cancer &agrave; la diab&eacute;sit&eacute;. Immunobehaviors incluent l&eacute;thargie, perte d&#39;app&eacute;tit et d&eacute;sint&eacute;r&ecirc;t dans l&#39;activit&eacute; sociale et le milieu environnant. En outre, neuro-immune activation peut pr&eacute;cipiter les sentiments de d&eacute;pression et d&#39;anxi&eacute;t&eacute; tout en impactant n&eacute;gativement la fonction cognitive et l&#39;activit&eacute; physique. A fourni un aper&ccedil;u d&eacute;taill&eacute; des tests comportementaux est fr&eacute;quemment utilis&eacute; pour examiner l&#39;activation neuro-immunitaire chez des souris avec un accent particulier sur les conditions preexperimental qui peut confondre ou pr&eacute;venir l&#39;exp&eacute;rimentation r&eacute;ussie d&#39;immunobehavioral.

M&eacute;thodes de test en psychoneuroimmunologie de souris : un aper&ccedil;u de la fa&ccedil;on de mesurer la maladie, d&eacute;pressif/anxietal, cognitif et des comportements de l&#39;activit&eacute; physique.

Il campo di psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) mira a scoprire i processi e le conseguenze dei rapporti del sistema nervoso, sistema immunitario e sistema endocrino. Il comportamento &egrave; una conseguenza di tali interazioni e manifesti da un complesso intreccio di fattori tra cui comunicazione immunitaria-neurale e neurali--immune. Spesso non si conoscono le molecole di segnalazione coinvolte durante un particolare episodio del neuroimmune attivazione ma risposta comportamentale fornisce la prova che bioactives come neurotrasmettitori e citochine sono perturbate. Immunobehavioral fenotipi sono un approccio di prima linea quando si esamina il sistema del neuroimmune e la sua reazione alla stimolazione del sistema immunitaria o soppressione. Risposta comportamentale &egrave; significativamente pi&ugrave; sensibile rispetto diretta misurazione di un singolo specifico bioattivo e pu&ograve; rapidamente ed efficientemente la regola dentro o fuori la pertinenza di una particolare sfida immune o terapeutico a neuroimmunity. Classicamente, immunobehavioral ricerca era focalizzata sui sintomi di malattia correlati all&#39;infezione batterica, ma l&#39;attivazione di neuroimmune ora &egrave; una complicazione riconosciuta di malattie e disturbi che vanno dal cancro di diabesity. Immunobehaviors includono letargia, perdita di appetito e il disinteresse in attivit&agrave; sociale e l&#39;ambiente circostante. Inoltre, neuroimmune attivazione pu&ograve; scatenare sentimenti di depressione e ansia durante un impatto negativo la funzione cognitiva e l&#39;attivit&agrave; fisica. Fornito &egrave; una panoramica dettagliata dei test comportamentali frequentemente utilizzata per esaminare neuroimmune attivazione nei topi con una particolare attenzione alle condizioni preexperimental che possono confondere o prevenire la sperimentazione di successo immunobehavioral.

Metodi di prova in psychoneuroimmunology il mouse: una panoramica di come misurare la malattia, depressivo/anxietal, cognitivi e comportamenti di attivit&agrave; fisica.

Article	Year
The biobehavioral and neuroimmune impact of low-dose ionizing radiation. Brain, behavior, and immunity\| PubMed ID: 21958477	2012
Individually ventilated cages cause chronic low-grade hypoxia impacting mice hematologically and behaviorally. Brain, behavior, and immunity\| PubMed ID: 22561683	2012
Mouse testing methods in psychoneuroimmunology: an overview of how to measure sickness, depressive/anxietal, cognitive, and physical activity behaviors. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)\| PubMed ID: 22933150	2012

Neil A. Blevins

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