process-making-three-dimensional-microstructures-using-vaporization

Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material ...

University of California, Irvine

Diltiazem is often used to prevent myocardial ischaemia during the perioperative period of coronary artery bypass surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on plasma concentrations of diltiazem and of its two main and active metabolites (N-monodemethyldiltiazem (N-desmethyldiltiazem) and desacetyldiltiazem). The patients were administered their usual treatment during the preoperative days. The last dose was administered immediately before anaesthesia. At the onset of CPB, a significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of diltiazem and its metabolites was observed, whereas the variation was slight and not significant when the plasma concentrations were corrected for haemodilution. These results confirm that the decrease observed at the initiation of the bypass procedure can be ascribed to the haemodilution induced by the CPB. During CPB, the concentrations of diltiazem and its metabolites remained constant suggesting that the rate of metabolism and excretion of the drug was altered during the bypass procedure. At the end of CPB, there was no increase of drug plasma concentrations suggesting that no redistribution of diltiazem from tissues to plasma occurred. Furthermore, this study shows that only 33% of subjects have therapeutic levels of diltiazem before anaesthesia, and that all subjects have subtherapeutic levels during and after the CPB. These results suggest that a higher chronic oral dose of the drug should be given in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.

Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma concentrations of diltiazem and its two active metabolites.

For the capture of CO(2) from mixed gas streams, materials for increased gas exchange are necessary. Efficient gas exchange systems already exist in the form of vascularized lung-tissue. Herein we report a fabrication technique for the synthesis of three-dimensional microvascular gas exchange units capable of removing CO(2) from flowing gas created using the recently reported Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) technique. We demonstrate the spatiotemporal pattern of CO(2) reactivity in the microvascular gas exchange unit using colorimetric, pH sensitive dyes. Control over three-dimensional placement of channels is shown to increase capture efficiencies. A computational finite element model validates and explains the experimental observations.

Article	Year
Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma concentrations of diltiazem and its two active metabolites. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology\| PubMed ID: 8051616	1994
A three-dimensional microvascular gas exchange unit for carbon dioxide capture. Lab on a chip\| PubMed ID: 22344348	2012

Y. T. Leho

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