David C. Nieman Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus Biography Publications Institution JoVE Articles David C. Nieman has not added a biography. If you are David C. Nieman and would like to personalize this page please email our Author Liaison for assistance. Publications Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise Exercise Immunology Review. 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28224969 Impact of Polyphenols on Physiological Stress and Cardiac Burden in Marathon Runners - Results from a Substudy of the BeMAGIC Study Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition Et Metabolisme. Jan, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28177719 IL-6 Linkage to Exercise-Induced Shifts in Lipid-Related Metabolites: A Metabolomics-Based Analysis Journal of Proteome Research. Feb, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 27996272 Diet Quality-The Greeks Had It Right! Nutrients. Oct, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27754409 Rutoside and Hydrolytic Enzymes Do Not Attenuate Marathon-induced Inflammation Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Oct, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27753739 Muscle Glycogen Depletion Following 75-km of Cycling Is Not Linked to Increased Muscle IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 MRNA Expression and Protein Content Frontiers in Physiology. 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27729872 Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity Nutrients. 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27556488 Predictors of Change in Plasma Cytokines and Muscle Cytokine MRNA and Protein After 75-km Cycling: 2913 June 3 1: 15 PM - 1: 30 PM Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. May, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27361482 A Mixed Flavonoid-Fish Oil Supplement Induces Immune-Enhancing and Anti-Inflammatory Transcriptomic Changes in Adult Obese and Overweight Women-A Randomized Controlled Trial Nutrients. 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27187447 9- and 13-Hydroxy-octadecadienoic Acids (9+13 HODE) Are Inversely Related to Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and IL-6 in Runners After 2h Running Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Aug, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27018002 Metabolomics-Based Analysis of Banana and Pear Ingestion on Exercise Performance and Recovery Journal of Proteome Research. Dec, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26561314 Post-Exercise Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Related to Plasma Cytokines and Muscle IL-6 Protein Content, but Not Muscle Cytokine MRNA Expression Frontiers in Nutrition. 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26442273 Rhodiola Rosea Exerts Antiviral Activity in Athletes Following a Competitive Marathon Race Frontiers in Nutrition. 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26284250 No Positive Influence of Ingesting Chia Seed Oil on Human Running Performance Nutrients. May, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25988762 Ultrasonic Assessment of Exercise-induced Change in Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Content BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25905021 Cytokine Expression and Secretion by Skeletal Muscle Cells: Regulatory Mechanisms and Exercise Effects Exercise Immunology Review. 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25826432 Influence of Pistachios on Performance and Exercise-induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Immune Dysfunction, and Metabolite Shifts in Cyclists: a Randomized, Crossover Trial PloS One. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25409020 The Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Enriched Protein Powder on Exercise-Induced Susceptibility to Virus Infection Phytotherapy Research : PTR. Aug, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25088029 Metabolomics Approach to Assessing Plasma 13- and 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolite Responses to 75-km Cycling American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. Jul, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24760997 The Effects of Oral Hydrolytic Enzymes and Flavonoids on Inflammatory Markers and Coagulation After Marathon Running: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24559067 Effects of a Freeze-dried Juice Blend Powder on Exercise-induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Immune Function in Cyclists Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme. Mar, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24552382 Vitamin D2 Supplementation Amplifies Eccentric Exercise-induced Muscle Damage in NASCAR Pit Crew Athletes Nutrients. Jan, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24362707 The Effects of Moderate Exercise on Chronic Stress-induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Antimicrobial Defense Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Jul, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24291325 Influence of Vitamin D Mushroom Powder Supplementation on Exercise-induced Muscle Damage in Vitamin D Insufficient High School Athletes Journal of Sports Sciences. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24117183 Immune and Inflammation Responses to a 3-day Period of Intensified Running Versus Cycling Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Jul, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24055861 Evaluation of Rhodiola Rosea Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Damage and Inflammation in Runners Following a Competitive Marathon Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Jul, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24055627 A Commercialized Dietary Supplement Alleviates Joint Pain in Community Adults: a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Community Trial Nutrition Journal. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24274358 Serum Metabolic Signatures Induced by a Three-day Intensified Exercise Period Persist After 14 H of Recovery in Runners Journal of Proteome Research. Oct, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23984841 Influence of a Polyphenol-enriched Protein Powder on Exercise-induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Athletes: a Randomized Trial Using a Metabolomics Approach PloS One. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23967286 Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection and Innate Immune Function Following a 75 km Cycling Time Trial European Journal of Applied Physiology. Oct, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23929537 Validity of COSMED's Quark CPET Mixing Chamber System in Evaluating Energy Metabolism During Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Male Adults Research in Sports Medicine (Print). 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23541100 Dose-response to 3 Months of Quercetin-containing Supplements on Metabolite and Quercetin Conjugate Profile in Adults The British Journal of Nutrition. Jun, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23151341 Effects of a Flavonoid-rich Juice on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity in Elite Swimmers: a Metabolomics-based Approach International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Apr, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23070789 The Effects of Quercetin Supplementation on Cognitive Functioning in a Community Sample: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. Aug, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23983966 Influence of Red Pepper Spice and Turmeric on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Overweight Females: a Metabolomics Approach Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands). Dec, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23150126 Perceived Stress and ADHD Symptoms in Adults Journal of Attention Disorders. Oct, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23034340 Chia Seed Supplementation and Disease Risk Factors in Overweight Women: a Metabolomics Investigation Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.). Jul, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22830971 Bananas As an Energy Source During Exercise: a Metabolomics Approach PloS One. 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22616015 Supplementation of Milled Chia Seeds Increases Plasma ALA and EPA in Postmenopausal Women Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands). Jun, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22538527 Combined Fruit and Vegetable Intake is Correlated with Improved Inflammatory and Oxidant Status from a Cross-sectional Study in a Community Setting Nutrients. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22347616 Exercise Frequency is Related to Psychopathology but Not Neurocognitive Function Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jul, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22217563 Variance in the Acute Inflammatory Response to Prolonged Cycling is Linked to Exercise Intensity Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 21916608 Nonalcoholic Beer Reduces Inflammation and Incidence of Respiratory Tract Illness Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 21659904 The Effects of a Multiflavonoid Supplement on Vascular and Hemodynamic Parameters Following Acute Exercise Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22191012 Effect of Blueberry Ingestion on Natural Killer Cell Counts, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Prior to and After 2.5 H of Running Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme. Dec, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22111516 The Acute Effect of Ingesting a Quercetin-based Supplement on Exercise-induced Inflammation and Immune Changes in Runners International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Aug, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21813917 Effect of Mixed Flavonoids, N-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin C on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity Before and After Intense Cycling International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Aug, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21813916 American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jul, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21694556 Quercetin with Vitamin C and Niacin Does Not Affect Body Mass or Composition Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme. Jun, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21574787 Ingestion of Micronutrient Fortified Breakfast Cereal Has No Influence on Immune Function in Healthy Children: a Randomized Controlled Trial Nutrition Journal. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21510864 Position Statement. Part Two: Maintaining Immune Health Exercise Immunology Review. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21446353 Influence of Quercetin Supplementation on Disease Risk Factors in Community-dwelling Adults Journal of the American Dietetic Association. Apr, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21443986 A 45-minute Vigorous Exercise Bout Increases Metabolic Rate for 14 Hours Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Sep, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21311363 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection is Reduced in Physically Fit and Active Adults British Journal of Sports Medicine. Sep, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21041243 A 12-week Supplementation with Quercetin Does Not Affect Natural Killer Cell Activity, Granulocyte Oxidative Burst Activity or Granulocyte Phagocytosis in Female Human Subjects The British Journal of Nutrition. Sep, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20500927 Quercetin Supplementation and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Randomized Community Clinical Trial Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society. Sep, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20478383 Effect of N-3 Fatty Acids and Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress After Exercise Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Sep, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20164809 Quercetin Supplementation Does Not Alter Antioxidant Status in Humans Free Radical Research. Feb, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19947898 Quercetin's Influence on Exercise Performance and Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Feb, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19927026 Effect of an Acute Bout of Whole Body Vibration Exercise on Muscle Force Output and Motor Neuron Excitability Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. Jan, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19816218 Quercetin's Effect on Cycling Efficiency and Substrate Utilization Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme. Dec, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 20029506 N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Do Not Alter Immune and Inflammation Measures in Endurance Athletes International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Oct, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19910654 Effects of Commercially Formulated Water on the Hydration Status of Dehydrated Collegiate Wrestlers Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. Nov, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19826306 Successive Bouts of Cycling Stimulates Genes Associated with Mitochondrial Biogenesis European Journal of Applied Physiology. Nov, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19657668 Chia Seed Does Not Promote Weight Loss or Alter Disease Risk Factors in Overweight Adults Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.). Jun, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19628108 Effects of Quercetin and EGCG on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Immunity Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jul, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19516153 Quercetin Does Not Affect Rating of Perceived Exertion in Athletes During the Western States Endurance Run Research in Sports Medicine (Print). 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19479626 Beta-glucan, Immune Function, and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Athletes Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Aug, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18614945 Immunonutrition Support for Athletes Nutrition Reviews. Jun, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18522619 Chronic Quercetin Ingestion and Exercise-induced Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme. Apr, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18347680 Quercetin Ingestion Does Not Alter Cytokine Changes in Athletes Competing in the Western States Endurance Run Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. Dec, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18184041 Effect of Duration and Exogenous Carbohydrate on Gross Efficiency During Cycling Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18076275 Influence of Carbohydrate, Intense Exercise, and Rest Intervals on Hormonal and Oxidative Changes International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Oct, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18046057 Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Intermittent and Continuous Exercise Perceptual and Motor Skills. Jun, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17879641 Quercetin Reduces Illness but Not Immune Perturbations After Intensive Exercise Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Sep, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17805089 Quercetin's Influence on Exercise-induced Changes in Plasma Cytokines and Muscle and Leukocyte Cytokine MRNA Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17717114 Ibuprofen Use During Extreme Exercise: Effects on Oxidative Stress and PGE2 Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jul, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17596774 Carbohydrate Attenuates Perceived Exertion During Intermittent Exercise and Recovery Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. May, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17468589 Marathon Training and Immune Function Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17465622 Validation of Cosmed's FitMate in Measuring Exercise Metabolism Research in Sports Medicine (Print). Jan-Mar, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17365953 Ibuprofen Does Not Affect Serum Electrolyte Concentrations After an Ultradistance Run British Journal of Sports Medicine. Aug, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17331976 Indirect Calorimetry During Ultradistance Running: a Case Report Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2006 | Pubmed ID: 24357966 Blood Leukocyte MRNA Expression for IL-10, IL-1Ra, and IL-8, but Not IL-6, Increases After Exercise Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. Sep, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16978071 Influence of Carbohydrate on Immune Function Following 2 H Cycling Research in Sports Medicine (Print). Jul-Sep, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16967774 Validation of Cosmed's FitMate in Measuring Oxygen Consumption and Estimating Resting Metabolic Rate Research in Sports Medicine (Print). Apr-Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16869134 Nutritional Strategies to Counter Stress to the Immune System in Athletes, with Special Reference to Football Journal of Sports Sciences. Jul, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16766504 Validation of Omni Scale of Perceived Exertion During Prolonged Cycling Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Apr, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16679997 Ibuprofen Use, Endotoxemia, Inflammation, and Plasma Cytokines During Ultramarathon Competition Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Nov, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16554145 Effect of Resistance Exercise and Carbohydrate Ingestion on Oxidative Stress Free Radical Research. Nov, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16298748 Carbohydrate Supplementation and Perceived Exertion During Resistance Exercise Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. Nov, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16287372 Evaluation of Leg-to-leg BIA in Assessing Body Composition of High-school Wrestlers Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Aug, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16118588 Muscle Cytokine MRNA Changes After 2.5 H of Cycling: Influence of Carbohydrate Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Aug, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16118573 Effect of Alpha-tocopherol Supplementation on Plasma Homocysteine and Oxidative Stress in Highly Trained Athletes Before and After Exhaustive Exercise The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. Sep, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16115541 Validation of a New Handheld Device for Measuring Resting Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Consumption in Children International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Apr, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16089276 Muscle Damage is Linked to Cytokine Changes Following a 160-km Race Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Sep, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16061149 Immune Response to a 30-minute Walk Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jan, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15632669 Validation of the Adult OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion for Walking/running Exercise Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Oct, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15595300 Vitamin E and Immunity After the Kona Triathlon World Championship Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Aug, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15292740 Influence of Carbohydrate and Age on Lymphocyte Function Following a Marathon International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Jun, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15256691 Carbohydrate Supplementation and Perceived Exertion During Prolonged Running Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jun, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15179174 Exercise, Nutrition and Immune Function Journal of Sports Sciences. Jan, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 14971437 Ratings of Perceived Exertion Throughout an Ultramarathon During Carbohydrate Ingestion Perceptual and Motor Skills. Aug, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14604037 Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Oxidative Stress and Plasma Antioxidant Potential Following a 3 H Run Free Radical Research. Aug, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14567443 Current Perspective on Exercise Immunology Current Sports Medicine Reports. Oct, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12959703 A New Handheld Device for Measuring Resting Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Consumption Journal of the American Dietetic Association. May, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12728217 Influence of Vitamin C Supplementation on Oxidative and Salivary IgA Changes Following an Ultramarathon European Journal of Applied Physiology. Mar, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12627313 Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Ratings of Perceived Exertion During a Marathon Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Nov, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12439083 Reducing Diet And/or Exercise Training Decreases the Lipid and Lipoprotein Risk Factors of Moderately Obese Women Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Aug, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12166532 Influence of Vitamin C Supplementation on Oxidative and Immune Changes After an Ultramarathon Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). May, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11960947 Children's OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion: Walking/running Evaluation Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Jan, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11782659 मानव पूरे रक्त में प्राकृतिक हत्यारा सेल Lytic गतिविधि का प्रवाह cytometric विश्लेषण Jennifer E. McBride1, Mary P. Meaney2, Casey John2, David C. Nieman2, Renaud F. Warin1 1Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 2Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus Immunology and Infection मानव रक्त में मापने कणांकुर और Monocyte phagocytosis और ऑक्सीडेटिव फट गतिविधि Mary Pat Meaney1, David C. Nieman1, Dru A. Henson2, Qi Jiang3, Fu-Zhang Wang3 1Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, 2Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, 3David H. Murdock Research Institute Immunology and Infection संशोधित Bergstrom तकनीक का प्रयोग मानव कंकाल की मांसपेशी बायोप्सी प्रक्रियाओं R. Andrew Shanely1,2, Kevin A. Zwetsloot2, N. Travis Triplett2, Mary Pat Meaney1,2, Gerard E. Farris3, David C. Nieman1,2 1Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalacian State University, 2College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center NorthEast Medicine
मानव पूरे रक्त में प्राकृतिक हत्यारा सेल Lytic गतिविधि का प्रवाह cytometric विश्लेषण Jennifer E. McBride1, Mary P. Meaney2, Casey John2, David C. Nieman2, Renaud F. Warin1 1Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 2Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus Immunology and Infection
मानव रक्त में मापने कणांकुर और Monocyte phagocytosis और ऑक्सीडेटिव फट गतिविधि Mary Pat Meaney1, David C. Nieman1, Dru A. Henson2, Qi Jiang3, Fu-Zhang Wang3 1Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, 2Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, 3David H. Murdock Research Institute Immunology and Infection
संशोधित Bergstrom तकनीक का प्रयोग मानव कंकाल की मांसपेशी बायोप्सी प्रक्रियाओं R. Andrew Shanely1,2, Kevin A. Zwetsloot2, N. Travis Triplett2, Mary Pat Meaney1,2, Gerard E. Farris3, David C. Nieman1,2 1Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalacian State University, 2College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center NorthEast Medicine
