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JoVE Business
Microeconomics
供给弹性(Es)的程度
供给弹性(Es)的程度
Business
Microeconomics
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Business Microeconomics
Degrees of Elasticity of Supply

3.12: 供给弹性(Es)的程度

731 Views
01:31 min
August 1, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

供给弹性(Es)具有各种不同的程度,每种程度都描述了供给量对价格变化的响应程度。

完全弹性的供给指的是:即使是最微小的价格变化,也会导致供给量发生无限变化。它能够表示为一条水平的供给曲线。相反,完全无弹性的供给意味着无论价格发生怎样的变化,供给量都是保持不变的。这可以用一条垂直的供给曲线来进行表示。当供给弹性大于 1 时,供给则会被认为是有弹性的,同时还表明了供给量的变化与价格的变化是不成比例的。因此其曲线相对平坦。当供给弹性小于 1 时,供给是无弹性的,这意味着供给量的变化与价格变化是不成比例的,因此曲线的斜率更为陡峭。单位弹性供给(供给弹性等于 1)表示供给量与价格的变化成正比。单位弹性供给曲线的斜率可能更加陡峭或更加平坦,这取决于 x 轴和 y 轴上单位的相对比例。重要的是,这两种变化的比率必须是完全相同的。

了解这些供给弹性的程度有助于企业预测市场对价格变化所作出的反应,并做出明智的生产和定价决策。

Transcript

供应价格弹性度描述了供应量如何随价格变化而变化。

首先是完美的弹性供应。小幅价格上涨会导致无限供应,而降低则使其降至零。按照现行价格,生产商将供应任何数量。供应曲线是水平的,弹性是无穷大的。

其次是相对有弹性的供应。供应数量的百分比变化超过价格变化的百分比。供应曲线更平坦,弹性的绝对值小于无穷大但大于 1。

然后,有一个单一的弹性供应。供应数量的百分比变化等于价格的百分比变化。供应曲线是对角线的,弹性的绝对值为 1。

其次,相对缺乏弹性的供应。供应数量的百分比变化小于价格变化的百分比。供应曲线更陡峭。弹性的绝对值范围从小于 1 到大于 0。

最后,完全无弹性的供应。无论价格如何变化,供应的数量都保持不变。供应曲线是垂直的,弹性为零。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Elasticity of Supply - Measures how quantity supplied responds to changes in price.
  • Perfectly Elastic Supply - Quantity supplied changes infinitely with any price change.
  • Perfectly Inelastic Supply - Quantity supplied remains unchanged despite price fluctuations.
  • Unitary Elastic Supply - Quantity supplied changes in exact proportion to price changes.
  • Inelastic Supply - Quantity supplied changes less proportionately to changes in price.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Elasticity of Supply - Explain how it impacts production and pricing decisions (e.g., Elasticity of Supply).
  • Contrast Perfectly Elastic vs Inelastic Supply - Discuss their implications on supply curves (e.g., Perfectly Inelastic Supply).
  • Explore Degrees of Elasticity - Analyze the range and meaning like inelastic, elastic, unitary (e.g., Inelastic Supply).
  • Explain Supply Curves - Describe how different supply curves represent elasticity degrees.
  • Apply in Context - Discuss practical implications of various elasticity degrees in a market scenario.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is the concept of Elasticity of Supply and how does it influence supplier decisions?
  • What differences exist between perfectly elastic and perfectly inelastic supply?
  • How do different degrees of elasticity affect the shape and meaning of supply curves?

This video is also useful for

  • Students - Understanding Elasticity of Supply enhances comprehension of economic dynamics.
  • Educators - Explaining elasticity and supply curves can clarify complex economics concepts.
  • Researchers - Valuable for examining market trends and consumer behaviour.
  • Business Owners - Provides insights on pricing strategies and supply management.

Explore More Videos

供应弹性 弹性程度 完全弹性供应 完全无弹性供应 单一弹性供应 供应量 价格变化 响应式供应 市场预测 生产决策 定价决策

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