-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Business
Microeconomics
垄断竞争下的 MR、MC 和需求曲线
垄断竞争下的 MR、MC 和需求曲线
Business
Microeconomics
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
Business Microeconomics
MR, MC and Demand Curve under Monopolistic Competition

10.4: 垄断竞争下的 MR、MC 和需求曲线

539 Views
01:15 min
October 23, 2024
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

在垄断竞争下,市场结构的特点是许多公司销售差异化产品。垄断竞争中的需求曲线是向下倾斜的,反映了价格和需求数量之间的负相关关系。由于产品差异化,它面临着更具弹性的需求曲线,从而拥有一定程度的定价权。每家公司都面临着自己的需求曲线,可以通过成功的产品差异化或广告来改变需求曲线。

边际收入 (MR) 是公司通过多销售一个单位的产品而获得的额外收入。在垄断竞争中,MR 曲线位于销售更多单位的需求曲线下方。公司必须降低价格,这适用于所有已售出的单位。因此,通过销售额外商品获得的收入会减少。

边际成本 (MC) 表示多生产一个输出单位的额外成本。曲线最初减小,然后增加,由于收益递减定律而形成 U 形。随着产量的增加,每增加一个单位的生产成本就会上升。

综上所述,在垄断竞争下,企业设定价格和赚取利润的能力受到 MR、MC 和需求曲线相互作用的影响,所有这些都受到产品差异化程度和市场竞争的影响。该框架有助于解释为什么这些市场的公司会进行非价格竞争,以及为什么从长远来看,它们可能会在产能过剩的情况下运营。

Transcript

在垄断竞争中,平均收入曲线给出的需求曲线向下倾斜。这意味着公司可以以较低的价格出售更多的单位。在这里,由于有接近的替代品,需求曲线相对有弹性。

边际收入曲线也向下倾斜,位于需求曲线下方,下降速度更快。考虑一家降低价格以吸引更多顾客的咖啡店。为了卖更多的杯子,必须降低所有杯子的价格,而不仅仅是额外的杯子。虽然它通过以新的较低价格销售额外的杯子获得了收入,但它失去了以前本可以以旧的更高价格出售的杯子的收入。因此,边际收入总是低于每杯的价格,即平均收入。这会导致 MR 曲线位于 AR 曲线下方。

另一方面,边际成本曲线最初减小,然后增加,形成 U 形。

这些曲线共同显示了公司如何做出定价和生产决策。

Explore More Videos

本月的 JoVE 期刊

Related Videos

垄断竞争

01:24

垄断竞争

Monopolistic Competition

385 浏览

垄断竞争下的差异化产品

01:26

垄断竞争下的差异化产品

Monopolistic Competition

574 浏览

垄断竞争下的广告

01:24

垄断竞争下的广告

Monopolistic Competition

555 浏览

垄断竞争下的 MR、MC 和需求曲线

01:22

垄断竞争下的 MR、MC 和需求曲线

Monopolistic Competition

539 浏览

垄断竞争下的短期均衡

01:19

垄断竞争下的短期均衡

Monopolistic Competition

1.8K 浏览

垄断竞争下的长期均衡

01:25

垄断竞争下的长期均衡

Monopolistic Competition

1.8K 浏览

垄断 vs 完美竞争 vs 垄断

01:44

垄断 vs 完美竞争 vs 垄断

Monopolistic Competition

351 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code