代表性启发法

The representative heuristic involves making judgments based on how similar something is to a prototype or stereotype.

This mental shortcut is common in decision-making but can lead to biases by ignoring statistical data or unique details.

Consider a hiring manager, Alex, interviewing candidates for a software engineering role.

Alex interviews Taylor, a confident candidate who uses technical jargon when responding to Alex’s questions and aligns with the “ideal software engineer” stereotype.

Alex is impressed by Taylor and shortlists him for the job.

Alex also interviews Sam, who lacks the stereotypical traits but has an outstanding portfolio, and isn’t very impressed by him.

This shows how the representative heuristic can bias decisions by prioritizing surface traits.

Alex assigns them to a high-profile project after hiring both, expecting them to ensure timely completion.

Taylor struggles, leading to delays, while Sam excels in the completion of the project and proves his technical expertise.

Alex realizes how stereotypes influence these choices and re-evaluates the approach.

This example highlights how the representative heuristic can simplify decisions but risk sidelining better options.