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Home
JoVE Business
Macroeconomics
工资僵化与失业 II
工资僵化与失业 II
Business
Macroeconomics
This content is Free Access.
Business Macroeconomics
Wage Rigidity and Unemployment II

4.13: 工资僵化与失业 II

129 Views
01:28 min
November 14, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

工资僵化指的是工资没有向下调整的情况。这可能发生在工资通过工会合同确定,合同规定协议期间的工资时。这种固定工资为工人提供了稳定性和可预测性,确保他们在协议期间获得稳定收入。然而,在经济衰退期间,当企业对其产品的需求下降时,这可能会成为问题。

在业务活动减少的时期,公司可能需要降低成本以保持财务可持续性。如果工资无法向下调整,公司可能难以通过减薪来降低劳动力成本。因此,企业可能不是降低工资,而是减少员工人数。这导致裁员,进而导致失业。

工资僵化阻碍了劳动力市场对经济衰退的平稳调整。虽然它保护了仍在工作的人员的收入,但也可能导致其他人失业。无法向下调整工资意味着企业无法在经济低迷期间留住所有员工,即使有些人愿意接受较低的工资。这种权衡凸显了工会合同中设定的工资,虽然对某些人有利,但对另一些人可能产生负面影响。

当工资因合同协议而僵化时,尤其是在工会环境中,企业可能被迫裁员而非成本。这种情况可能导致失业。

Transcript

想象一个安静的工业小镇,汽车厂长期以来一直是许多人稳定的工作来源。

像玛丽亚这样在公司工作多年的工人依靠稳定的工资养家糊口。

工会合同规定了她的工资。这很可预测,也很稳定。

但最近,事情变得缓慢了。

随着需求下降,公司需要削减成本。由于工资由工会合同决定,它没有降低工资,而是裁员。

玛丽亚保住了工作,但许多同事就没那么幸运了。被裁员的人加入了日益增长的失业者行列,因为公司不再需要那么多工人。

这一情况揭示了工资僵化,尤其是在工会环境中,可能导致失业。

如果企业无法降低工资,可能会减少就业岗位。

结果是,有些人的工资保持稳定,而另一些人的机会却消失了。

这个例子展示了工会合同中常见的工资僵化,这种固定性可能导致失业。然而,这种风险还要与工会合同中工会工人通常获得的改善工作条件和非工资福利进行权衡。

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工资僵化 工会合同 工资僵化 经济衰退 裁员 失业 劳动力市场调整 工资稳定 成本降低 失业

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