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Macroeconomics
灰心丧气的求职者
灰心丧气的求职者
Business
Macroeconomics
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Business Macroeconomics
Discouraged Workers

4.19: 灰心丧气的求职者

109 Views
01:16 min
November 14, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

劳动力统计数据通常将劳动年龄人口分为三类:就业人口、失业人口和非劳动力人口。

在美国,美国人口普查局和劳工统计局每月进行一次“当前人口调查”(CPS)。该调查将16岁及以上的非机构化平民人口分为三个互斥的群体:就业人口、失业人口和非劳动力人口。在非劳动力人口中,CPS 识别出一个被称为“灰心丧气的求职者”的子群体。

灰心丧气的求职者是指那些有工作意愿且随时可以工作,但由于在调查参考周结束前的四周内没有积极寻找工作,因此不被归类为失业人员的人。尽管这些人在过去12个月内曾寻求过工作,但由于最近缺乏求职活动,按照 CPS 的定义被归类为灰心丧气的求职者。

一些灰心丧气的求职者表示,他们不积极寻找工作的原因包括:认为缺乏合适的就业机会、现有工作与其资历或经验不匹配,以及多次求职失败。

了解灰心丧气的求职者的特征和动机对于制定有针对性的劳动力市场政策至关重要。干预措施可能包括技能培训、改进就业匹配系统以及加强失业救济机制。通过解决导致灰心丧气的根本原因,政策制定者可以促进他们重返劳动力市场。

Transcript

劳动力统计通常将适龄劳动力人口分为三类:有工作、失业和未进入劳动力市场。

“未进入劳动力市场”这一类别包括一个被称为“沮丧工人”的子群体。

沮丧的员工是指那些想找工作但并不积极寻找工作的人。

各国在定义或衡量这一群体的方式上可能存在差异。

以美国为例,根据当前人口调查(CPS)规则,沮丧的员工是指过去十二个月内找过工作但过去四周内没有找工作的个人。

他们给出的理由包括认为没有职位空缺、职位与他们的资历不符,或者他们之前多次申请失败,等等。

尽管他们准备工作,但气馁的工人却没有工作,这表明他们存在一种利用不足的表现。

理解工人为何感到沮丧,有助于政策制定者设计更好的策略,鼓励重新找工作。

Explore More Videos

劳动力统计 当前人口调查 美国人口普查局 劳工统计局 就业 失业 未进入劳动力市场 沮丧工人 求职活动 劳动力市场政策

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